US School Programs on Obesity Prevention Measures for Children of the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

US School Programs on Obesity Prevention Measures for Children of the 21st Century Essay Around 33% of American kids and 15% of adolescents are overweight or stout. (Heftiness, 2009) Many components add to corpulence in youngsters including hereditary qualities, terrible eating routine, and absence of physical effort, condition, and ignorant guardians. Weight is an undesirable collection of muscle to fat ratio that undermines the young people of our country. From the twentieth to the 21st century weight has expanded by a factor of four and keeps on becoming unchecked. Given the idea of our lives and how they have drastically changed from playing outside to playing computer games, from eating custom made food to cheap food, and the measure of innovation our childhood is presented to as of now stoutness is at an unsurpassed high. The examination will show our nation’s endeavors to address the young people of our country on corpulence, reasons for heftiness, and preventive activities to weight however school programs. The exploration will show how stoutness is a developing plague and what preventive advances can be taken to decrease the quantity of youngsters influenced by heftiness. This exploration study will be constrained to kids no more seasoned than fifteen and spotlight on the nation’s schools. The examination will concentrate on explicit U. S. reactions to reasons for weight from society, routine introduction to food use by guardians, dietary patterns, and cafeteria programs. With the improvement of the causes to stoutness the examination will likewise show the particular parts of tending to heftiness in kids however schools, guardians, wholesome training and physical liveliness. Exploration will be directed in membership databases, books, diaries, and instructive establishments dependent on 21st century information. This examination will inspect our nation’s preemptive measures in instructive mindfulness, parental mindfulness, and movement use gave by our schools, government offices, and state authorities. Heftiness by and large is correctable by the support of a legitimate and even eating regimen comprising of the fundamental supplements and the satisfactory caloric admission important to advance development and continue the physiological prerequisites at the different phases of a child’s improvement. (Pediatric Nutrition, 2009) As kids create there are nourishing necessities that must be met and accommodated a solid beginning to life. Child rearing assumes a huge job in a child’s preventive activities to heftiness. The exploration will address the instructive data accessible to guardians and its numerous sources. Starter discoveries bolster that our country is putting forth attempts to teach everybody on the significance of corpulence mindfulness and indications of stoutness. The country creates projects and movement rules for schools and carefully implements their utilization dependent on a scholarly worth required by the kids. The exploration will show how school programs supporting our kids will incredibly diminish the probability of a kid being or getting corpulent. Corpulence is a national pestilence and if not tended to this issue in will always command and influence our kids and their lifestyles. Specialists from everywhere throughout the world focus on this ever-developing issue to guarantee that our childhood who are the future heads of our reality will be solid and have dynamic existences. We should make each gauge to guarantee that our kids are given the best chances to be sound by giving them the information and the legitimization of significance. We as a country must set aside the effort to teach, illuminate, practice, and oversee sound decisions to our kids and to ourselves we will strike an amazing hit to the pulverization brought about by weight. The United States educational systems are presently occupied with an incensed fight against youth corpulence. Youth stoutness is influencing a huge number of kids in America between the ages of 2 and 19 years old. Corpulence is characterized as an irregularity between the measure of vitality retained and vitality utilized, accordingly bringing about a bigger measure of vitality coming in than what is being utilized. The sign of this irregularity has many contributing elements that can aggregate or be the immediate reason on their own, for example, hereditary qualities, and digestion. Youth Obesity is something that we as a country can change however our educational systems. I guarantee that our schools are the best apparatuses to battle this developing pestilence. Today youth corpulence has general wellbeing authorities in a condition of close to freeze. Around one-fourth of all kids from 2 to 5 years of age are overweight or fat before they enter kindergarten (Lockhead, 2009). I further case that our Nation’s school dietary projects must be improved to battle this developing pandemic. Our youngsters are confronting life-threating wellbeing perils that must be address. Schools approach 95% of the youngsters in the United States and this gives an exceptionally strong stage to improving the wellbeing and mindfulness inside our kids. I offer as proof the ongoing USDA’s declaration of Team Nutrition Training Grants to improve soundness of America’s youngsters (USDA, 2010). Group Nutrition is a piece of the USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service that will improve the schools dietary plans by actualizing the standards of the Dietary Guidelines for American and MyPyramid. This is a multi year program that will give training and help to staff working in the schools cafeteria’s and break rooms. The intention is to make suppers just as autonomous feast determinations more advantageous for kids. Through the span of the award, data and training will be given to guardians too. Guardians must assistance change and bolster smart dieting propensities at home. Extra proof to help my contention originates from Tennessee where a planned school wellbeing program got acclaim for dropping heftiness by 2% from 2000 to 2006. Spending cuts about cost the school this magnificent program, yet the state wellbeing division had the option to gave financing. The program of not selling pop or organic product juice in Tennessee schools expanded from 26. 7 percent in 2006 to 74 percent in 2008. Also, of these schools 64 percent don't sell â€Å"unhealthy items† on school property (McClatchy, 2010). The First Lady Michelle Obama herself likewise supports and addresses this scourge on a national scale with her program Let’s Move! tending to Brock Elementary School. Most importantly, were working with every one of you to get fresher, progressively nutritious food into our schools. What's more, we accept that perhaps the most ideal approaches to do this is through the HealthierUS Schools Challenge. This program has prodded schools the whole way across the nation to increase their expectations and change their study halls and cafeterias into smart dieting and learning labs for their understudies. That is the reason weve set an objective of multiplying the quantity of schools that take part in the HealthierUS Schools Challenge by June of 2011. Also, we need to include an extra one thousand schools in every one of the accompanying two years too. So as to arrive at that objective, were making it simpler for schools to apply by moving our application on the web, and letting locale apply for every one of their schools with only one application. Were making it simpler for them to prevail by giving better specialized help and by associating them with proficient culinary specialists through our Chefs Move to Schools program. As of now, almost 1,800 expert culinary specialists have joined to offer about 1,300 schools the master guidance they have to address this difficulty. Also, when schools do succeed, were making that triumph only somewhat better, with new money rewards. Also, Ill be welcoming agents from each grant winning school to a gathering in their respect at the White House. At last, were attempting to expand investment in our school lunch program by 2,000,000 qualified kids, and to get another 3,000,000 children joined to begin accepting school morning meals by 2015. Since I figure we would all be able to concur that no youngster in America ought to be beginning school hungry every day. No kid ought to be abandoning the essential nourishment they have to learn, develop and succeed, in school and throughout everyday life. Be that as it may, I need all things considered: we cannot do any of this except if we pass the Child Nutrition enactment that is before Congress at the present time. This bi-fanatic enactment underpins fundamentally required speculations to help a huge number of kids get the sustenance they should be sound. The Senate has just acted. What's more, I trust that the House of Representatives will do likewise before the month's over with the goal that we can get it marked into law. Obviously, we as a whole realize that good dieting is just a large portion of the fight. Specialists suggest that kids get at any rate an hour daily of action. In any case, we realize that a significant number of our children arent in any event, approaching. That is the reason another key segment of Lets Move! is to get our children going, to discover new ways for them to get and remain dynamic and fit. One of the key benchmarks were attempting to meet is to twofold the quantity of kids winning the Presidents Active Lifestyle Award. To win this honor, understudies need to take part in physical action five days per week, for about a month and a half. Also, the thought is for this to become propensity framing. We need to demonstrate them how great it feels to be dynamic, so that theyll stay with it long after those a month and a half are finished. Well be working with afterschool programs and with competitors like Drew Brees and Dominique Dawes to advance this program. Furthermore, to show everybody how much fun it tends to be, in the coming weeks, Ill be attempting to gain an Active Lifestyle Award myself. What's more, I need kids all over the nation to go along with me. Sick be recording my advancement on the web, so on the off chance that I begin falling behind, I trust youll all send me a few messages to disgrace me into refocusing! So that is some of what were doing to help your work in our schools. Also, I trust that in the coming months and years, every one of you, and schools all over the nation will turn out to be much progressively engaged with Lets Move!. I trust that more schools will get their children working t

The Reality of the Truth Essay Example for Free

Nuevo Hotel Budgeting Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nuevo Hotel Budgeting Control - Essay Example For its administration Nuevo received the ordinary Comodo group structure, comprising of the General Manager with a five-part warning 'Top managerial staff and ten autonomous specialty unit (IBU) supervisors. This hierarchical course of action was expected to produce an adaptable and innovative soul, so advancing imagination and hazard taking while as yet guaranteeing sound obligation and responsibility. It was additionally planned to stress strengthening, collaboration and information sharing - empowering all administration and staff to utilize their drives and 'do what they have been prepared to do' so as to give an exceptional standard of administration. Nancy Foster, an accomplished and exceptionally regarded GM in the Comodo bunch was designated as GM of Nuevo, to be helped by a supervisory crew, a portion of whose individuals had been knowledgeable about and pervaded with the 'administration culture' of Comodo, while the others, encountered in cordiality business shared Comodo' s crucial making it the best business and recreation inn organization on the planet, through their vivacious, submitted and dependable work., 'which consistently surpassed their visitors' desires'. Nancy was exceptionally experienced as a GM, however this was her first experience of 'opening' another property. She thought it required for her to make Nuevo the 'leading figure' for Comodo Group's UK and European tasks in the quickly advancing 'data/virtual' age. To accomplish this she thought it astute and judicious to include the whole supervisory crew in creating key control frameworks for the inn. She was very much aware, obviously, that administration control framework was a 'two-edged blade' in that while it could impact representative conduct to accomplish the organization's objectives, it could likewise lead to huge misfortunes and potentially even to hierarchical disappointment. The group had just finished the administration framework in practically all territories of inn the board aside from in the significant zone of 'the board bookkeeping controls, including setting up the inn's first spending plan'. In the supervisory crew meeting held to chalk out this issue, what de veloped was the ramifications of the advantages and downsides of the 'conventional' planning techniques for structuring a powerful spending control framework for Nuevo. Conventional Budget Control System Customarily 'supervisory crews of Comodo lodgings normally based their initial barely any yearly pay spending plans on the practicality study projections completed to 'illuminate' the choice to put resources into the undertaking'. This causes the Home Office to get an early perspective on how the lodging is getting along contrasted and the undertaking examination. In any case, at that point, these future obsolete in that they were drawn up years prior, and on account of Nuevo, three years back. Nancy needed the main year spending proposition passed on to them by the Home Office to be modified on the grounds that since the hour of the undertaking report two different inns had come up in Manchester and rivalry had become 'hot'. In any case, Nuevo's Finance executive exhorted Nancy to go long with the Home Office since everybody would be occupied in

Music And Violence Essays - African-American Culture, Gangsta Rap

Music And Violence Rap music can be viewed as a style of workmanship, and a route for the craftsmen to communicate sentiments through their words on paper. Be that as it may, there are many rap craftsmen that get scrutinized for their verses. In my exposition, I need to talk about why rappers utilize certain verses in their music and why individuals shouldn't accept that it causes brutality among the more youthful ages. Individuals shouldn't edit the music in view of savage, indecent and harsh messages it elevates to the world. I have confidence as far as I could tell, that there is an explanation behind these kinds of verses that rap craftsmen use and I will just clarify those reasons in this exposition. Rap has been called one of the most significant music powers to develop in two decades. It's working beats and staccato rhymes detonated in the city of the urban America in the mid 1980s and since have become the signature music also, expressive heart of the lively youth culture called hip-bounce ( SIRS 1993). There are a wide range of sorts of rap craftsman. There are some that discussion about cash, some discussion about nobility, and the rundown continues endlessly. Each rap craftsman had their own particular manner of communicating. There are those that discussion about sex, medications, and brutality who get the negative consideration( SIRS 1993). Individuals, think this supposed hoodlum rap is a terrible impact on kids in the world and that it advances viciousness and that it likewise is damaging to ladies. Delores Tucker, head of national congress of dark ladies has been among those constraining diverse record organizations to quit dispersing hoodlum rap music. There were other noteworthy names that took an interest in this activity. Names like Senate Majority pioneer Bob give, and previous instruction Secretary William J. Bennett(Surveys, pg. 1). There are some rap craftsmen that have been straightforwardly reprimanded for their verses. Rappers like Lil Kim, Too Short, Snoop Doggy Dogg, what's more, a part from Too Live Crew, named Luke Skywalker. These rap craftsmen in the past have been delegated for the things they state in their music. Lil Kim discusses sex in her music, Too Short discussions about medications, sex, and the amount of a pimp he is, and Luke Skywalker discusses young ladies and sex. The verses that these rap craftsman use in their music probably won't be reasonable for everyone to tune in to however I don't figure their music ought to be restricted or censured in light of the fact that you don't need to hear it out in the event that you don't decide to. Rap music, how much impact does it truly have on it's energetic audience members? Many, from record organization administrators to secondary school understudies concur that it assumes a basic job in the lives of numerous tans, influencing the manner in which they move, dress and speak(SIRS 1993). By and by, I feel that rap music is a type of workmanship. I think it takes a incredible arrangement of ability to compose verses that rap specialists compose, in light of the fact that you need to use analogies and likenesses, and simultaneously express what is on your mind so the audience members can comprehend. I give rappers a lot of credit since I know it required some investment to get where their at today, and I realize it takes a gigantic measure of time to compose a melody. It's additionally evident and I firmly concur with that rap craftsmen use verses that think about their adolescence and the way they grew up. That could be the motivation behind why criminal rappers and rappers talk about sex, medications, and brutality in their music since that was what they were presented to for an incredible duration. Rap craftsmen for the most part expound on what they know since it is simpler to expound on things and circumstances that you know, what's more, on the off chance that sex, medications and viciousness is the thing that you think about, at that point you are going to expound on circumstances that include those subjects. Not simply expound on them in would like to cause more viciousness in our reality. Youthful rap fans alert it isn't right also, oversimplified to accept music can direct their activities. Childhood and situation steer a kid's conduct, they state, not a record on a turntable or on the other hand an entertainer posing on stage(Newsweek, 1998). There are different reasons why criminal rappers ought not be scrutinized for their verses. One explanation is that I would prefer to hear criminal rappers talk about viciousness in the city than them as a matter of fact going out in the city and take an interest in the viciousness. Another motivation behind why rappers shouldn't be censured is on the grounds that

The Rise Of The Nuclear Weapon Into A Political Weapon Essay -- essays

During most recent 50 years of advancement, the atomic bomb, as a definitive weapon turned into the peacekeeping power on the earth. The atomic bomb was created in Manhattan venture during the WW II and was effectively tried in the New Mexico on July 16 1945. Now began the difference in atomic weapon from extreme weapon to political weapon. USA chose to utilize the nuclear bomb to crush Japan so as to spare around 500.000 existences of American warriors that were expected to end the war and in the mid year 1945 the USA dropped two bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The atomic weapon raised the certainty of USA yet president Truman didn't requested its large scale manufacturing in light of the fact that around then he saw no unequivocal political capacity for the bomb. USA even attempted to internationalize control of the bomb under the UNITED NATIONS however the Soviets were hesitant to help American arrangement for two reasons. To stop soviet atomic program before building up the prin cipal soviet bomb would give Americans lasting lead in atomic weapons innovation. Soviets accepted that instruments of power consistently have political abilities. For the Kremlin weapons were political devices. This drove Americans to a similar end. The start of Cold War made a few political elements of atomic weapons: atomic prevention, coalition building, and worldwide renown. The Nuclear Bomb was created as the weapon of war toward the finish of the Second World War. Atomic Deterrence was than the normal capacity of atomic bomb. The nuclear bomb had an element of â€Å"natural deterrence† at the early start of Cold War when Soviets didn't have atomic weapons. The Soviets would not assault West Europe since they would chance war with USA and USA had nuclear bomb that was seen by Soviets as the substance of prevention. USA likewise accepted that if Soviets finish their own bomb they would not be discouraged by USA and its atomic stockpile in this way the West Europe would get defenseless. After the Soviets exploded its own bomb in September 1949, the Truman organization deserted its strategy of common discouragement and requested the advancement of all the more remarkable hydrogen nuclear bomb. Since Soviet atomic bombs hindered US discouragement, Truman looked for an approach to reestablish prevention. He requested an examination by the Department o f State’s approach arranging staff and the outcome, NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL PAPER 68 (NSC-68), went to Tru... ...r weapons that would give him the administration in Arab world and he could sort out and lead a union against Israel. The expanding expansion of atomic innovation in territories of stewing provincial clashes builds the likelihood of atomic war. During the 50 years of presence, the genuine capacity of atomic force was changed from direct use as a weapon of war through prevention instrument to the pass to atomic club that implies the sing of superpower. References Nuclear Archive. (1997,April 6). Course of events [WWW document]. < http://www.atomicarchive.com/Timeline/Timeline.shtml> Nuclear Archive. (1997,April 6). Arms Control Treaties [WWW document]. http://www.atomicarchive.com/ACTreaty.shtml International strategy in center. (1999,November). In Focus: U.S. Atomic Weapons Policy toward the End of the Century: Lost Opportunities and New Dangers. [WWW document]. http://www.foreignpolicy-infocus.org/briefs/vol4/v4n25nuc.html Atomic History at the National Security Archive [WWW document]. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/NC/nuchis.html The Bulletin of Atomic Scientist. (1999,December). Where they were. [WWW document]. http://www.bullatomsci.org/issues/1999/nd99/nd99norris.html

How Vistaril Is Used to Treat Anxiety

How Vistaril Is Used to Treat Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print Taking Vistaril for Anxiety Treatment By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on June 19, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on November 11, 2019 More in Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Social Skills Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Work and School Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Uses Taking Vistaril Dosage Guidelines Who Shouldn’t Take Vistaril Medication Interactions Side Effects Possible Risks View All Back To Top Vistaril (hydroxyzine pamoate) is used for short-term treatment of the symptoms of anxiety and tension. Vistaril can also be prescribed as an antihistamine to treat allergic reactions. Learn more about how Vistaril works, dosage guidelines, and why a doctor might prescribe this treatment for you. Verywell / Jessica Olah Uses You may be prescribed Vistaril as an antihistamine or to manage anxiety and tension. Your doctor may choose this medication as a short-term treatment for anxiety or as an alternative to other habit-forming anxiety medications such as benzodiazepines. If you have combined allergies and anxiety, this medication may also be a good choice. Vistaril is not a good choice for long-term treatment of your anxiety as it has not been shown effective for this use.?? Taking Vistaril If you have been prescribed Vistaril, you will typically take it either in tablet or capsule form. Vistaril comes in 25 mg two-tone green capsules and 50 mg green and white capsules.  Vistaril is also available as a syrup or suspension liquid. You can continue your normal diet while taking Vistaril. Research on Vistaril has primarily focused on its effectiveness in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.?? There are no studies to indicate the effectiveness of Vistaril for social anxiety disorder. You should not be prescribed Vistaril for long-term treatment of anxiety lasting more than 4 months, as this use has not been supported by systematic clinical studies. There is also some research evidence to suggest that long-term use, particularly in older adults, could be linked to dementia.?? There are many other alternatives for treating your anxiety long-term. Vistaril may be combined with other medications such as antidepressants depending on your specific symptoms or with other treatments such as psychotherapy in the case of anxiety disorders. Talk to a Therapist Online About Your Anxiety Dosage Guidelines A typical adult dose for Vistaril for anxiety and tension is 50 to 100 mg up to four times a day. Dosages for children under 6 years old are 2 mg  per kg per day in divided dosages, not to exceed 50 mg per day. Vistaril may be used in children both to relieve anxiety and also as an antihistamine.?? If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember it, but not if it is near the time for your next dose. In that case, skip the dose rather than taking a double dose. Who Shouldn’t Take Vistaril You should not take Vistaril if you have a hypersensitivity to hydroxyzine, Zyrtec (cetirizine), or Xyzal (levocetirizine), and it is not recommended if you are pregnant or breastfeeding as it is not known whether it passes into breast milk or could harm your baby or cause birth defects. Those with a heart condition that has a long QT interval should not take this medication as it can lead to serious heart problems.?? You should discuss it with your doctor if you have any history of heart disease or a slow or irregular heartbeat. Medication Interactions Vistaril can potentially interact with several medications including narcotics, antihistamines, analgesics, and barbiturates. The effect of alcohol may also be increased when taking Vistaril. Be sure to tell your doctor about any nonprescription or prescription drugs you are taking or plan to take. Your dosages may need to be adjusted or you may need to be monitored for side effects. Side Effects Common side effects of Vistaril include dry mouth and drowsiness. However, these effects are usually mild and short-lived. In older adults, there may be constipation or confusion. Dizziness and headache are also reported. Rarely, tremor or convulsions can develop, usually with high dosages. ?? Call your doctor immediately if you experience trembling or seizures. Stop taking it immediately and call your doctor if you develop a rash, pus-filled sores, swelling, and fever. Possible Risks Caution should be exercised if driving, operating dangerous machinery, or participating in hazardous activities while using Vistaril. Risk of overdose is low with the result generally being extreme sedation. Symptoms of an overdose include stupor, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, or seizures. You should contact the poison control center or 911 in the event of an overdose. Usually, they will induce vomiting if it hasnt occurred already. A Word From Verywell If you have been prescribed Vistaril by your doctor, be sure to follow the instructions for dosage. If you find that this medication does not help your anxiety, talk with your doctor about other medication or treatment alternatives.

Explaining the Responsibilities of Human Resource Management - Free Essay Example

For any organization to gain competitive advantage it is necessary to manage human resource effectively, as traditional management models are inappropriate in our dynamic work environment. In any organization hiring, promotion, development and deployment are most important to be left to human resource alone. Organizations are finding themselves having to confront a variety of economic, technological, legal, and cultural changes with which they must cope effectively if they are to remain viable. The human capital of an organization consists of the people who work there and on whom the success of the business depends. Human capital represents the human factor in the organization; the combined intelligence, skills and expertise that gives the organization its distinctive character. The human elements of the organization are those that are capable of learning, changing, innovating and providing the creative thrust which if properly motivated can ensure the long-term survival of the organization. For any organization human capital is considered as the prime asset and for any business to survive it is important for the business to invest. Human resource management main aims is to ensure that the organization recruit the right personal for the right job and retain the skilled committed and well motivated workforce it needed. The Human Resource has to assess and satisfy future people need to enhance and develop the inherent capacities of their workers. Human Resource Planning Process HR planning process determines the numbers of workers required by any organization to achieve its strategic goal, objectives. The main objective of the planning process is to ensure that the organization hire the right skills person for the right job. The competitive organizational strategy of the firm as a whole becomes the basis for the HR planning, which is the process of analyzing and identifying the need for and availability of human resources so that the organization would be in a position to achieve its strategic objectives and goals. Link to business planning Human resource planning is an integral part of overall business planning. It identifies the core competences that an organization required to achieve its goals and therefore its skill and behavioral requirements. The main role of Human resource under business planning is to interprets these plans in terms of people requirements and draw attention to the ways in which people could be developed and deployed more effectively to further achievement of business goals as well as focusing on any problems that might have to be resolved in order to ensure that the people required will be available and will be capable of making the necessary contribution. Human Resource Planning Responsibilities In any organization the Human resource department has most of the responsibilities for the planning process. Although other departments also provides data to HR to analyze. The top level managers are responsible for overall planning, they usually ask the Human resource department to project the human resource needed to implement overall goals of the organization. Recruitment The main role of Human resource planning process is to analyze the demand for labor within the organization and take necessary steps to ensure that to fill the position with the right person for the right job. In large organization they keep a record of how many employees are going to be retired in future and develop the demand for the new staff. In this way they can easily find the labor market, local, international or national from where they can recruit employees. Effective recruiting can have a significant positive impact on the organization, while poorly designed and executed recruiting involves all of the various activities aimed at attracting candidates to the organization. There are two main issues involved in recruitment i.e. cost of te recruitment and the relative effectiveness of the sources. The most difficult issue is the quality of the recruited individual and measurement of its effectiveness as it based on long term measures that are sometimes unreliable. There are main four stages of recruitment and selection: Defining requirement Planning recruitment campaign Attracting candidates Selecting candidates 1 Defining requirements: The number and categories of people required may be set out in formal human resource or workforce plans from which are derived detailed recruitment plans. Requirements are expressed in the form of ad hoc demands for the new workers because the creation of new posts, expansion into new activities or area or the need for a replacement, in case of short-term demand can put the human resource department under pressure to provide the employee quickly. In an organization requirements for a job are set out in the form of job description and person specifications. These provide the required information to draft the advertisement. The assessments of the candidates are carried out by selection tests and interviews. 2 Recruitment planning The recruitment plan mainly covers The number and type of employees required to cater for expansion or new development. The likely source of candidates Plans for tapping alternative sources How to recruitment program will be carried out 3 Attracting Candidates Next step is to attract the candidates. For attracting the candidates is to analyse the strength and weaknesses of the recruitments. The result of this analysis can be helpful for the human resource management to develop the employee brand and value proposition. Selecting Candidates The last step is selection of the candidates. The aim of the selection is to assess the suitability of candidates by predicting the extent to which they will be able to carry out a role successfully. It involves deciding on the degree to which the characteristics of applicants in terms of their competencies, experience, qualification, education and training match the person specification. It also involves using this assessment to make a choice between candidates. Professional Training Development Training and development strategy approach is used by he organizations so that they can ensure that in the future they can achieve their goals by professional training development of their employees. Training and development activities help the organization to achieve its goals by developing required skills and capacities of their employees. It can be described similarly as strategic human resource development

Japanese Green Tea

Japanese tea is getting popular these days. This page helps you to learn how to pronounce the names of various Japanese teas. Ocha - Japanese tea in general Although cha means tea, it is usually called o-cha. O is a prefix of respect. Learn more about how to use o in Japanese words. How to Order Japanese Tea Ocha o kudasai. 㠁ŠèÅ' ¶Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š) Ocha, onegaishimasu. 㠁ŠèÅ' ¶Ã£â‚¬ Ã£ Å Ã© ¡ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š This is how to order Japanese tea at Japanese restaurant. Both kudasai and onegaishimasu are used when making a request for items. Learn more about kudasai and onegaishimasu. The Japanese tea is complementary at most restaurants in Japan. Japanese Tea Pronunciation Here are the names of common Japanese teas. Click the links to hear the pronunciation. You might find it sounds monotone. This is because Japanese has a pitch accent unlike a stress accent in English. Matcha æŠ ¹Ã¨Å' ¶ Gyokuro 玉éÅ" ² Sencha ç…ŽèÅ' ¶ Bancha ç• ªÃ¨Å' ¶ Houjicha 㠁 »Ã£ â€ Ã£ ËœÃ¨Å' ¶ Genmaicha 玄ç ± ³Ã¨Å' ¶) Learn about each type of Japanese tea. Learn the pronunciation of other Japanese beverages. Trivia About Japanese Tea There is a matcha flavored Kit Kat, which is a limited version only available in Kyoto. Starbucks in Japan have a Matcha Latte just like the ones in North America. They also carry Sakura Steamed Milk and Sakura Frappuccino as spring specials. Sakura means cherry blossom.I find it is very Japanese to see Sakura Beverages on the menu. They remind me of Sakura-yu which is a tea-like drink made by steeping a salt-preserved cherry blossom in hot water. It is often served at weddings and other auspicious occasions. Bottled green tea (unsweetened) is a popular drink in Japan. You can easily find it in vending machines or convenience stores. Ochazuke is a simple dish which is basically Japanese tea poured over rice with savory toppings. Cha-soba is buckwheat noodles flavored with green tea powder. Matcha is also commonly used for sweets, such as cookies, cakes, chocolate, ice cream, Japanese sweets and so on. The Shizuoka prefecture has the largest production of green tea and it is considered the best tea in Japan.

Huck Finn Essay - 1835 Words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain By Brenda Tarin British Literature 2323 Lois Flanagan January 27, 2009 Tarin ii I. Introduction II. Biographical sketch of author A. Past to present B. Experiences and achievements III Plot analysis A. analysis of plot structure 1. Exposition 2. Complication 3. Crisis 4. Climax 5. Resolution B. Theme of plot IV Critical analysis A. Theme 1. Racism 2. Slavery C. Characters D. Atmosphere E. Conflicts V. Evaluation VI. Review of movie version VII. Conclusion Tarin 1 The Adventures of Huckleberry†¦show more content†¦Clemens and Langdon had four children. (MarkTwain) Twain was most famous for â€Å"The Great American Novel† better yet known as The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This book has been outlawed in many Tarin 2 school libraries due to the extensive usage of explicit content, shown by the characters. Twain is also known for The Guilded Age, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson, The Innocents Abroad, A Tramp Abroad, Life on the Mississippi, and Mark Twains Autobiography. He is also known for many famous short stories, speeches, and essays. Samuel Langhorne Clemens â€Å"Mark Twain† passed away from angina pectoris on April 21, 1910 (Mark Twain Biography) [pic] At the beginning of The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn, Huck lives with Widow Douglas. He has changed by becoming clean, having manners, and by going to school. Pap arrives in town when he hears Huck has money, he ruins all Tarin 3 of this and makes him move with him in a cabin, where no one else knows where it is located. Then Huck runs off to Jackson Island and fakes his murder by using a pigs blood as his own, also by making it look like a gang of robbers had murdered him. After a few days he ran into Jim who had ran away from Miss Watson because he had heard she was going to sell him for $800 south. They get together and live in Jackson Island, Here they encounter a lot of crazy days, they see a deadShow MoreRelatedHuck Finn1657 Words   |  7 Pageswished I was dead (221). Mark Twains, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is a tale about a boy in search for a family and a place he can truly call home. Through his adventure, he rids himself of a father that is deemed despicable by society, and he gains a father that society hasnt even deemed as a man. This lonely and depressed young boy only finds true happiness when he is befriended with a slave named Jim. Although Huck Finn was born and raised into a racially oppressive society, it is throughRead MoreEssay on Huck Finn822 Words   |  4 Pages Huck Finns relationship with slavery is very complex and often contradictory. He has been brought up to accept slavery. He can think of no worse crime than helping to free a slave. Despite this, he finds himself on the run with Jim, a runaway slave, and doing everything in his power to protect him. Huck Finn grew up around slavery. His father is a violent racist, who launches into tirades at the idea of free blacks roaming around the countryside. Miss Watson owns slaves, including Jim, so thatRead More Huck Finn Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesHuck Finn I recently read the book Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain. This story deals Mainly with a lost boy escaping his harsh existence, and a slave trying to reach freedom. During the course of this book, the slave Jim, and the Boy Huck Bond with each other. I enjoyed this book immensely for a couple different reasons. While I liked the story, and the plot kept me interested, the real reason I found myself enjoying this book so much, was Mark Twain’s use of the underlying theme of racismRead More Huck Finn Essay568 Words   |  3 Pagesuses his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, to explore and makes fun of many problems facing American society. Huck, the main character, is considered a boy who is under pressure to conform to the aspects of society. Jim, who comes along with Huck, is a runaway slave seeking freedom from the world that has been denied it to him for so long. Throughout the entire novel Twain uses satire to show problems with society. Early in the novel, Huck scampers away with his good friend Tom and hisRead More Huck Finn Essay900 Words   |  4 Pages Tim Lively Critical Analysis: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Setting: Late 1800’s along the Mississippi River Plot: When the book begins, the main character, Huck Finn possesses a large sum of money. This causes his delinquent lifestyle to change drastically. Huck gets an education, and a home to live in with a caring elderly woman (the widow). One would think that Huck would be satisfied. Well, he wasn’t. He wanted his own lifestyle back. Huck’s drunkard father (pap), who had previouslyRead MoreEssay on Huck Finn941 Words   |  4 Pages Huckleberry Finn nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the greatest, most daring novels in the world. Mark Twain’s style helps to realistically portray early America. Mark Twain tells the story through the voice of Huck, the very kindhearted main character. Everything that Huck says reflects the racism and black stereotypes typical of the era. This has lead to many conflicts from readers since the novel was first printed. HoweverRead MoreRacism In Huck Finn1867 Words   |  8 PagesIn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character Huck encounters many racist people and ideas. As Huck goes on his adventure, he learns about society, it’s people and it’s beliefs. He then has to take what he has learned about society’s people which includes slaves, and decide if society’s beliefs are correct or incorrect. Throughout the novel, he sees how assimilated the people are with the racist ideas of society. In The Adventures of Huckleberr y Finn Mark Twain uses satire to suggestRead MoreEssay on Huck Finn2499 Words   |  10 Pages Throughout the Mark Twain (a.k.a. Samuel Clemens) novel, The Adventures of HuckleBerry Finn, a plain and striking point of view is expressed by the author. His point of view is that of a cynic; he looks upon civilized man as a merciless, cowardly, hypocritical savage, without want of change, nor ability to effect such change. Thus, one of Mark Twains main purposes in producing this work seems clear: he wishes to bring to attention some of mans often concealed shortcomings. While the examplesRead MoreArgumentative Essay Huck Finn958 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Argumentative Essay: Should The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be taught in school? Daniel Perez Period 1 10/30/14 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a novel based on the journey Huck, a young boy with an abusive father, and Jim, a runaway slave, have down the Mississippi River to Free states for an end goal of freedom. Freedom means different things to both of them, to Huck freedom means to be able to do what he wants and not be â€Å"sivilized†, while Jim’s definition of freedom isRead More Racism In Huck Finn Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesHuckleberry Finn. Huck was not raised in accord with the accepted ways of civilization. Huck faces many aspects of society, which makes him choose his own individuality over civilization. He practically raises himself, relying on instinct to guide him through life. As portrayed several times in the novel, Huck chooses to follow his innate sense of right, yet he does not realize that his own instincts are more moral than those of society. From the very beginning of Hucks story, Huck without a doubt

Is Society Becoming too Dependent on Computers Essay

The computer has been one of man’s most influential inventions, paving the way for greater achievements with time. Today, computers have become an essential component in fulfilling everyday tasks in both our professional and personal lives. Computers are used to store vast amounts of information, and even replace humans in factories throughout the world. We must now ask ourselves, is this reliance on computers aiding the human mind in achieving its full potential or rather replacing it and hindering our progress? Society has now become dependant on computers. How does this machine affect our youth and learning process? We have invented a machine with a greater, and faster learning capacity as our own. A new generation has risen that have†¦show more content†¦Many supporters from this group also point out that the computer can be controlled and that computers are only as smart as we allow them to be, by themselves computers are quite dependant machines. Supporters of the anti-computer usage group state that computers hinder us more than they aid us. They believe we have invented a machine with a greater and faster learning capacity and soon there may be no need for us humans. Our sense of creativity and ingenuity is neither needed nor utilized as we can easily use a computer application to achieve those once rare results by that of human ingenuity. The internet through the use of the computer is now a medium for a number of services, such as online chatting, social sites, and dating. Interactions between humans have suffered with the use of these services. Those once memorable face-to-face moments have been replaced by a few clicks of the keyboard and mouse. There are individuals who cannot survive without the computer and in its absence suffer from depression and anxiety. In factories around the world, there are computers doing the jobs of once hard working men and women. This not only contributes to the unemployment rate, but also puts us in a position where we must question the need for humans in the work place. Basic daily tasks are now unnecessarily achieved by the computer and our children are no longer driven to improve on their mental andShow MoreRelatedSocietys Addiction to Computers Essay781 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology, computers have developed to be the leader of the world. Increasingly, computers are playing more roles in helping people to remember a friend’s birthday or maintain relationships with others. Therefore, they have contributed positive to the development of relationships and improvement of the general knowledge of the society. Critics however argue that the society is becoming progressively more dependent on computers. In this essay, the arguments for the dependency on computers will be presentedRead MoreIs Society Too Dependent On Computers / Phones?1130 Words   |  5 Pages Sixty-eight percent of Americans own smartphones and forty-five percent have tablet computers. With the increasing accessibility of technology, more people are relying on it to accomplish everyday tasks. People have become so dependent on technology that they can not function or accomplish even the simplest of tasks without involving some sort of device. Not only are people becoming too reliant, but also addicted to a point in which they no longer feel a need to interact with others in real lifeRead MoreEffects of Modern Technology852 Words   |  3 Pagestoday’s society is whether or not technology has a negative or positive effect. Whether it is something you see on TV or in one’s own everyday life, it is more popular to see someone’s face focused on a phone screen rather than buried in a book. Over the past few decades, technology has been getting more popular as new developments arise. Not only are cell phones a main priority, but also computers, the interne t and video games. Ever since the invention of the first programmable computer in the 1937Read MoreHow Computers Changed The Way We Work1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe word ‘computer’ is well-defined as someone or something who calculates. A computer is an overall purpose device that has industrialized a lot over the years. From the ENIAC to the flat screen laptop, it is remarkable to see how computers have advanced. We went from having a computer that occupied a huge room with what we have in the office and at home today – a miniature, efficient version of the first computer. Computer technology continues to progress and will continue to do so for ages toRead MoreAre we too Dependent on Computers?1091 Words   |  4 Pagestechnological society and we expect our machines to work. We take technologies for granted and, not to put too fine a point in it. When they fail, it seems like civilization is crashing around our ears (Matthew, 1999). While speaking about technology and dependency at the same time, one may directly think of computers due to their remarkable capabilities to make humans dependent on them because these machines reduce work pressure as well as the time needed to finish a specific task. Computers are programmableRead MoreAddiction to Technology1174 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology is merely a way of life to society today. It is fused into everyday life and is constantly linked to basic human affairs. Technology impacts other topics such as consumption, the environment, popular culture, education, and the media. Although the world needs certain technology devices to handle difficult tasks that humans alone cannot; cellphones, televisions, and computers are causing this generation to lose touch with the world as a whole. Society has made technology a necessity, asRead MorePeople Depend Too Much on Computers and Technology Essay692 Words   |  3 PagesPeople Depend Too Much On Computers and Technology Are we too dependent on computers? The answer is yes! In today’s society, people use computers in business, education, and in the entertainment world. Almost everything we do and every aspect of our life is affected by modern technology with computers at the top of the list. People obsess over computers. The computers do everything for us so we don’t have to use our brains anymore. People are losing their jobs due to the computers moving into theRead MoreTechnology’s Detrimental Effect on Society Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesto be almost everywhere we go. With advancements to cell phones, computers, video games, cars, and our iPods, our lives have become much easier than ever before. Technology is made because the society always wants to find more efficient methods of doing certain tasks. Without technology, mankind would not have discovered things that the majority of us now know, such as the world, animals, science, and the like. However, the society doe sn’t gain much benefit, besides their school and work dutiesRead MoreMobile Phone and People1469 Words   |  6 PagesTERM PAPER The production and sale of cigarettes should be made illegal. People have become overly dependent on technology. University students should pass the English proficiency test before graduation Argumentative Essay : People have become overly dependent on technology. Topic: People have become overly dependent on technology 1. Introduction (paragraph 1) A.Hook: Computer, hand phones, Internet, and latest gadgets such as GPStacking devices are not anymore unusual thing in our  dailyRead MoreWe Are Too Dependent On Computer Systems Essay952 Words   |  4 Pages We Are Too Dependent on Computer Systems It is said by Ray Kurzweil that in 15 years, computers will be smarter than the whole human race (Khomami). Is there any shred of truth to that statement and if so is it a problem? As a society, we are very dependent on software systems and computer technologies. We would be rendered almost completely helpless without our laptops, internet, and smart phones. While they generally make our lives easier, we have grown to need software technologies

Facts About Marijuana Essay - 893 Words

Facts About Marijuana Weed, pot, reefer, grass, dope, hash, herb, Mary Jane, ganja, skunk, boom, kif, gangster; these are all common names for the drug marijuana. Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States, which makes it a problem. Certain officials believe that legalizing this potentially harmful drug will solve the problems that are associated with it. But that is not true. In fact, legalizing marijuana would only make the situation much worse. Although many people argue both sides, it seems to come down to the question of what will the people actually use this substance for? Some say medical purposes, others say just for a quick high, but, no matter what way you look at it, marijuana is dangerous and it is†¦show more content†¦As for potency, drug traffickers would find ways to make their dope better than that legally allowed (Claim I 1-2). No matter what the government does to either help or appease the problem, its not going to go away. And other people would find w ays to get their buck out of it too. Legalization of marijuana would also lead to increased use and addiction. When the United States legalized alcohol and tobacco use it sent out a message to the people that it is something that is okay. Now, after long hours of research, the population knows that they arent okay and they arent good for you. There are over 50 million nicotine addicts, 18 million alcoholics or problem drinkers, and fewer than 2 million cocaine addicts in the United States. Cocaine is a much more addictive drug than alcohol. If cocaine were legally available, as alcohol and nicotine are now, the number of cocaine abusers would probably rise to #8230; perhaps 20 to 25 million (Claim III 1). Alaska tried to legalize marijuana, saying that the state could not interfere with a persons possession of marijuana in his home for personal use. 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I will be going over several arguments or point of views as well will have several facts about the effects of Marijuana whether it is good or bad. Marijuana is a very prominent and controversial

Use Of Tobacco In Australia Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Australia has been one of the taking counties that have a great path record of baccy control. In Australia, there are around 3 million people who smoke on a regular basis between the ages of 18 to 25. The addition in baccy control strategies that increased the monetary value of baccy merchandises have changed the manner people smoke. We will write a custom essay sample on Use Of Tobacco In Australia Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a recent survey, economic experts valued the nest eggs associated with avoided deceases and related diminutions in unwellness and disablement due to cut down baccy usage in Australia over the last 30 old ages at $ 8.6b ( NTS 2004 ) . The aims of the National Tobacco Strategy are the undermentioned: To assist forestall smoking uptake To assist and promote as many tobacco users as possible to discontinue smoke every bit shortly as they are able. To take exposures to harmful tobacco fume among non-smokers. If able, cut downing the harmful effects of continued usage of baccy and nicotine. Tobacco control schemes such as these increases the monetary value of baccy merchandises which changes people ‘s attitudes towards smoking through ordinances and runs that cut down baccy usage. ( NTS 2004 ) Regulation of Tobacco Promotion of Quit and Smoke free messages Cessation services and intervention Community support and instruction Addressing societal, economic and cultural determiners of wellness Tailoring enterprises for deprived groups Research, rating and monitoring A ; surveillance Regulation of Tobacco The purpose of the NTS is to extinguish all promotional merchandises of baccy by those in the baccy trade, and to seek to turn to to them of the injury caused by other positive portraitures of smoke in the media. Promotion of Quit and Smoke free messages The purpose of the NTS is to do the wellness hazards of smoking more personal and to increase people ‘s resoluteness in discontinuing and assist them be cognizant of many effectual therapies and contact inside informations for services. Cessation services and intervention The purpose of the NTS is to guarantee that every Australian tobacco user who are in contact with the wellness attention system are identified and be advised to discontinue, and that tobacco users who are likely to hold jobs discontinuing from smoking have easy entree to many appropriate and effectual pharmacotherapy ‘s. Community support and instruction The purpose of the NTS to lend attempts to forestall kids from smoke, and to guarantee that the community is intelligent about smoke. Addressing societal, economic and cultural determiners of wellness The purpose of the NTS is to cut down societal disaffection, along with many other negative effects by smoking and to put in baccy control as a cardinal scheme for forestalling and cut downing societal disadvantage. Tailoring enterprises for deprived groups The purpose of the NTS is to guarantee easy entree to many intervention, information and services for people in extremely disadvantaged groups who suffer from many smoking related injury. Research, rating and monitoring A ; surveillance The purpose of the NTS is to guarantee that research is conducted to measure the demands and place utile attacks and that appropriate systems are in topographic point to measure the cost-effectiveness of plans and policies and the extent to which these are being achieved. Harmonizing to the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotions, wellness publicity actions means Building Public wellness policies, Create supportive environments, Strengthen Community actions, develop personal accomplishments, Reorient Health service and traveling into the hereafter. Build Healthy Public Policy Health publicity policy combines attacks including financial steps, revenue enhancement statute law, and organisational alteration. Health publicity policy now requires the designation of obstructions to the acceptance of healthy public policies in non-health sectors, and ways of taking them. The purpose must be to do the healthier pick the easier pick for policy shapers every bit good ( Talbot and Verrinder, 2010, erectile dysfunction. 4, p.266 ) . Create Supportive Environments The guiding rule for the universe, states, parts and communities likewise, is the demand to promote them to take attention of each other, our communities and our natural environment. The demand to conserve natural resources throughout the universe should turns into a planetary duty. Strengthen Community Actions Community development needs bing stuff and human resources in the community to better societal support and to increase public engagement in wellness affairs. This will necessitate uninterrupted entree to more information and changeless support support. Develop Personal Skills Teaching people to larn throughout their life, to fix them to manage populating with chronic unwellness and hurts is really of import. This has been maintained at place, school, work and in the community. Reorient Health Servicess Health services will be required to encompass an expanded authorization which is really sensitive and respects cultural demands. This authorization will be required to back up the demands of different persons and communities for a more fitter life. Traveling into the Future Health is created by caring for oneself and others, by being able to take determinations and have control over one ‘s life fortunes, and by guaranting that the society one lives in creates conditions that allow the attainment of wellness by all its members ( Talbot and Verrinder, 2010, erectile dysfunction. 4, p.266 ) . Progress/ Improvements In my sentiment, the National Tobacco Strategy 2004-2009 was a well designed plan but there are still countries in the plan that needs farther betterment. The effectivity of this plan is reflected on the consequences of the figure of baccy consumption in Australia since the plan started. The NTS 2004-2009, in relation to the Ottawa Charter for Health publicities has met the demands on what wellness publicity actions truly intend such as Building Healthy Public Policy and so on. The National Tobacco Strategy 2004-2009 has built on the accomplishments of the old National trust 1999 to 2003-04, Much has been achieved by the actions of the province and district authoritiess since the early 1980s and more than 30 old ages of candidacy by non-government bureaus but there is still the demand for farther betterments. It was merely until 15 old ages ago ; publicities of baccy merchandises were legion. Many immature people were invariably shown legion advertizements which portrayed smoke to be merriment and made you look sophisticated. Even though the Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992 ( CDHA 2003 ) has enormously reduced advertisement through the media, many makers still continue to advance their baccy merchandises through many popular locales such as dark nines. It was merely late that the act has been reviewed and many amendments have been proposed to greatly implement limitations on current and lifting signifiers of advertisement. Adding more financess on Quit Smoking runs would assist to promote more people to discontinue smoke. This will besides increase the gross revenues of many pharmaceutical companies by promoting people to utilize their merchandises that improve the rate of people who chose to discontinue smoke. Many behavioral support services such as the state quitline now operate in many province and district but will necessitate to hold increased support if it is to manage an increasing demand from referrals from wellness professionals ; it besides needs to increase publicity in the media. Even thought there are around 80,000 people who call the Quitline in 2003 ( Kriven S, 2003 ) , but this lone nowadays a little sum of Australian tobacco users but this would besides increase if it is promoted even more. Records of baccy excise responsibility payments suggest that baccy ingestion in Australia has fallen well over the past 30 old ages since the debut of baccy control policies Among big males, smoking prevalence dropped from 45 % in 1974 to around 27 % in the late ninetiess ; among females it fell from 30 % to 23 % ( Scollo, M VCTC ) . Smoking among secondary school pupils in Australia began to worsen in the late 1980s ; it increased once more in the early to mid-1990s and declined once more at the terminal of the last decennary. The smoke around non-smokers has besides dropped significantly, with more and more workplaces censoring smoke at work. Scollo M. Annual per capita ingestion in Australia, 1903 to 2001-02. VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control, Melbourne, 2003. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vctc.org.au/tcres/PublicConsumptionEstimatesAus1901to2002.xls. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing. Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992 Issues Paper. Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing, 2003. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.health.gov.au/pubhlth/strateg/drugs/tobacco/ consult/index.htm on August 2003. Th vitamin E Cancer Council Australia. Review of the Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act: entry on behalf of Australian wellness administrations. 2003, Melbourne: VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control. Wakefi eld M, Freeman J, and Donovan R. Recall and response of tobacco users and recent quitters to the Australian National Tobacco Campaign. Tob Control. 2003 ; 12: ( Suppl 2 ) : II15-II22 Scollo M. Towards an Australian national policy for the intervention of dependance on tobacco-delivered nicotine. 2003, Melbourne: VicHealth Centre for Tobacco Control. Kriven S. Estimate of calls to the Quitline, 2003, personal communicating. 2004, Tobacco Control Research and Evaluation: Adelaide. How to cite Use Of Tobacco In Australia Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Credit risk management in vijaya bank free essay sample

Indian economy today is in the process of becoming a world class economy. The Indian banking industry is making great advancement in terms of quality, quantity, expansion and diversification and is keeping up with the updated technology, ability; stability and thrust of a financial system, where the commercial banks play a very important role emphasize the need of a strong effective control system with extra concern for the risk involved in the business. In the fast growing world, banks are facing many types of risks among which credit risk stands at the top of the list. One bank was chosen to understand the practices followed by them in depth. Vijaya bank is one of the public sector banks and is supposed to be in line with RBI guidelines. This helped in understanding the credit risk management practices followed by the bank in a better way. GLOBAL SCENARIO The period 2007-2012 underwent financial crisis, also known as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), or the â€Å"Great Recession†, is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the great depression of the 1930? . This resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national Governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. Even the housing market suffered, resulting in evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment contributing to the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of US dollars, and a significant decline in the economic activity, leading to a severe 2008-2012 global recessions. The bursting of the U. S. ousing bubble, which peaked in 2007, caused the values of securities tied to U. S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally. The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of valuation and liquidity problems in the United States banking system in 2008. Securities in stock markets suffered large losses during the 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed down during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined. This financial cri sis ended by around late 2008 and mid-2009. The current European sovereign debt crisis is an ongoing financial crisis that has made it difficult or impossible for some countries in the euro area to re-finance their Government debt without the assistance of third parties. From late 2009, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed among investors as a result of the rising Government debt levels around the world together with a wave of downgrading of Government debt in some European states. Concerns intensified in early 2010 and thereafter, leading Europe? finance ministers on 9 May 2010 approved a rescue package worth â‚ ¬750 billion to ensure financial stability across Europe creating the European financial stability facility (EFSF). In October 2011 and February 2012, the Euro zone leaders agreed on more measures designed to prevent the collapse of member economies. DOMESTIC SCENARIO Indian banking industry has evolved over a long period of more than two centuries. Despite the recent growth of private banks, the sector is dominated by Government-controlled banks that hold nearly three-fourths of total banks assets. Indian banking industry is considered to be very stable with healthy balance sheets and low exposure to risky assets. The global financial crises have not affected the Indian banks significantly. Internet, wireless technology and global straight-through processing have created a paradigm shift in the banking industry. In India, the most significant achievement of the financial sector reforms is the improvement in the financial health of commercial banks in terms of capital adequacy, profitability and asset quality as well as greater attention to risk management. As now banks benchmark themselves against global standards, they have increased the disclosures and transparency in bank balance sheets, the banks also started focusing more on corporate governance. RISKS FACED IN AN ORGANIZATION Risk Management Risk is derived from the Italian word ResCare meaning â€Å"to dare†. Risk is â€Å"the probability of the unexpected happening – the probability of suffering a loss†. Risk provides the basis for opportunity. Risk is the probable variability of returns. Since it is not always possible or desirable to eliminate risk, understanding it is an important step in determining how to manage it. Identifying exposures and risks forms the basis for an appropriate financial risk management strategy. In the financial arena, enterprise risks can be broadly categorized as credit risk, market risk, operational risk, strategic risk, funding risk, political and legal risk. TYPES OF RISKS Risk faced by the bank can be segmented into three separable types from the management perspective.. †¢Risks that can be eliminated or avoided by simple business practices. Risks that can be transferred to other business participants (e. g. insurance policy) and, †¢Risks that can be actively managed at the Bank level. Risk is any real or potential event, action or omission, internal or external, which will have an adverse impact on the achievement of bank’s defined objectives. It is inherent in every business. Risk cannot be totally eliminated but is to be managed. Risks are to be categorized as high risk, medium risk and low risk and managed. Risks can be classified into three categories: †¢Credit risk †¢Market risk (interest rate risk, liquidity risk) †¢Operational risk CREDIT RISK Credit risk is the â€Å"possibility of loss from a credit transaction†. In a bank’s portfolio, losses stem from outright default due to inability or unwillingness of a customer or counterparty to meet commitments in relation to lending, trading, settlement and other financial transactions. Credit risk emanates from bank? s dealings with individuals, corporate, bank, financial institution or a sovereign. Credit risk includes the following: †¢Credit growth in the organisation and composition of the credit folio in terms of sectors, centres, and size of borrowing activities so as to assess he extent of credit concentration. Credit quality in terms of standard, sub-standard, doubtful and loss-making assets. †¢Extent of the provisions made towards poor quality credits. †¢Volume of off-balance-sheet exposures having a bearing on the credit portfolio. MARKET RISK Market risk is the possibility of loss to a bank caused by changes in the market variables. Market risk is the risk to the banks earnings and capital due to changes in the market level of interest rates or prices of securities, foreign exchange and equities, as well as the volatilities of those prices. Operational risk is the â€Å"risk of direct or indirect loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, and systems or from external events†. RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS The word â€Å"process† connotes a continuing activity or function towards a particular result. The process is the vehicle to implement an organisation’s risk principles and policies, aided by organisational structure. In general, the process can be summarised as follows: †¢Risk identification. †¢Risk measurement. †¢Risk monitoring. †¢Risk control. VIJAYA BANK INTRODUCTION Vijaya Bank is a nationalized scheduled commercial bank. The bank celebrated its platinum jubilee last financial year as it was established in 1931. The bank was nationalized on 15. 4. 1980 under the banking companies (Acquisition Transfer undertakings) Act, 1980 and Nationalized banks (Management Miscellaneous Provisions) Scheme 1980. The bank is also governed by the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and is engaged in various businesses as fully defined under Section 6 of the said Act. Presently the Govt. Of India’s share in the Bank’s equity works out to 53. 87%. The bank is managed by a duly constituted Board of directors. The present strength of Board of directors of the bank is 12, comprising of 2 executive and 10 non-executive directors having expertise in various fields. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE The organisational structure of the bank consists of three tiers viz. , Head office, Regional offices and branches. The Head office is in Bangalore. The bank has 20 regional offices to exercise immediate supervision and control over the branches under their jurisdiction. All regional offices are headed by experienced executives in senior/top management grade. Further, as the extended wings of the central inspection department, the bank has set up 9 regional inspectorates. HISTORY Vijaya Bank was founded on 23rd October 1931 by late Shri Attavara Balakrishna Shetty and other enterprising farmers in Mangalore, Karnataka. The objective of the founders was essentially to promote banking habit, thrift and entrepreneurship among the farming community of Dakshina Kannada District in Karnataka State. The bank became a scheduled bank in 1958. Vijaya Bank steadily grew into a large All India Bank, with 9 smaller banks merging with it during the 1963-68. The credit for this merger as well as growth goes to late Shri M. Sunder Ram Shetty, who was then the Chief Executive of the bank. The bank was nationalised on 15th April 1980. The bank has built a network of 1250 branches, 48 extension counters and 663 ATMs as at 31. 10. 2011, that span all 28 states and 4 union territories in the country. FOUNDING PRINCIPLE To promote banking habit, thrift and entrepreneurship among the farming community of Dakshina Kannada District in Karnataka state. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN VIJAYA BANK The bank’s net profit has seen a growth of 234% and the total business is up by 16%. The banks deposits are up by 13% and gross advances are up by 19%. The credit risk exposure is increased to 80064. 90 as of Sep, 30 2011. The credit risk of the bank has decreased over the past five years. They have installed an integrated risk management system in line with BASEL II norms and RBI guidelines. They follow strict hedging policies to reduce credit risk of the bank. They take financial collaterals and guarantees to hedge their credit risk. Hence all the policies and strategies have led to a sound credit risk management system. The bank has put in place a robust risk management architecture with due focus not only on capital optimisation, but also on profit maximization, i. e. to do maximum business out of the available capital which in turn maximize profit or return on equity. In capital planning process, the bank reviews: †¢Current capital requirement of the bank †¢The targeted and sustainable capital in terms of business strategy and risk appetite. Capital need and capital optimization are monitored periodically by the CapitalPlanning Committee comprising Top Executives. Sensitivity analysis is conducted quarterly on the movement of Capital Adequacy Ratio, considering the projected growth in advances, investments in Subsidiaries/ Joint Ventures and the impact of Basel II framework etc. The Committee takes into consideration various options available for capital augmentation in tune with business growth and realignment of Capital structure duly undertaking the scenario analysis for capital optimization. CRAR of the Bank is projected to be well above the 12% in the medium term horizon of 3 years, as prescribed in the ICAPP Policy. The Bank’s policies maintain moderation in risk appetite and a healthy balance between risk and return in a prudent manner. The primary risk management goals are to maximize value for share holders within acceptable parameters and to the requirements of regulatory authorities, depositors and other stakeholders. The guiding principles in risk management of the Bank comprise of Compliance with regulatory and legal requirements, achieving a balance between risk and return, ensuring independence of risk functions, and aligning risk management and business objectives. The Credit Risk Management process of the Bank is driven by a strong organizational culture and sound operating procedures, involving corporate values, attitudes, competencies, employment of business intelligence tools, internal control culture, effective internal reporting and contingency planning. The overall objectives of the Bank? s Credit Risk Management are to: †¢Ensure credit growth, both qualitatively and quantitatively that would be sectorally balanced, diversified with optimum dispersal of risk. †¢Ensure adherence to the regulatory prudential norms on exposures and portfolios. Adequately enable to price various risks in the credit exposure. Form part of an integrated system of risk management encompassing identification, measurement, monitoring and control. POLICIES, STRATEGIES AND PROCESSES The Board of directors and Risk management Committee of the Board gives directions, the Credit Risk management committee headed by Chairman and Managing Director ensures its implementation. The bank has defined policy guidelines for Credit Risk Management, Collateral Management and Credit Risk Mitigation (CRM), Ratings, etc. The bank has taken up implementation of Integrated Risk Management system through six solutions for Credit Risk Rating, Credit Risk, Market Risk, Operational Risk, and ALM FTP to move towards advanced BASEL II norms. The Income recognition and Asset classification norms of Banks? policy are in tune with RBI guidelines. Ninety days delinquency norm is followed to classify assets as performing non-performing. The data is audited and adequate provisions for both performing and non-performing assets are made. For restructured assets additional provision is made and the bank also has a general floating provision. CREDIT RISK MITIGATION †¢The general principles, like having a specific lien, requisite minimum margin stipulation, valuation, legal certainty, documentation, periodical inspection, easy liquidity etc. as enumerated in BASEL II final guidelines of RBI has been used for credit risk mitigation techniques. †¢All the prescribed haircuts with adjustments for currency mismatch and maturity mismatch are done. †¢The financial collaterals are netted out of the credit exposure before assigning the risk weights. The effect of credit risk mitigation system is not double counted. The financial collaterals taken include: 1. Bank’s own term deposits . Cash margin 3. Life policies 4. NSCs 5. KVPs 6. Gold benchmarked at 99. 99 purity For each separate credit risk portfolio, the total exposure covered by eligible financial collateral after the application of haircuts is shown in the Table below: Credit Risk Exposure Exposure CRM (fin. Collaterals)Net exposure Loans and advances54303. 652659. 09 51644. 56 Non fund based5261. 22 767. 564493. 66 Investment 20500. 03 0. 0020500. 03 Total80064. 90 3426. 6576638. 25 CREDIT RATING FRAMEWORK Credit Rating Framework (CRF) is one of the risk measurement techniques the banks use to a great extent under risk management system. This is used primarily to standardize and uniformly communicate the judgment in credit selection procedure and not as a substitute to the vast lending experience accumulated by the Bank’s professional staff. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AT VIJAYA BANK As per RBI guidelines on Integrated Risk Management of Banks, all exposures across the Bank have to be risk rated. In this regard, IBM-BCS, Bank appointed Consultants recommended the following in respect of Credit Risk Management Framework for the Bank. SANCTIONING POWER DETAILS OF EXPOSURES COVEREDRATING MODEL DGM AND ABOVE Typically large value xposures (i. e. , above Rs. 200 lakhs)CRISIL? Risk Assessment Model CM/DM AND AGM Typically medium sized exposures (i. e. , above Rs. 30 lakhs)Manual Rating Model BRANCH POWER ACCOUNT Typically small value exposuresPortfolio Model Approach PROCESSES AND PRACTICES OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT †¢The bank has understood the need for credit risk management as described by RBI. †¢They have identified the types of risks and are disclosed in the BASEL II disclosures every quarter appropriately in the banks website. †¢Credit risk faced by the bank is properly identified which includes the following: 1. The gross credit risk exposure has grown to Rs. 80064. 90 crore as of 30. 9. 2011 which is a 29% increase from the previous year that is 30. 9. 2010. 2. Credit quality has is standard due to their sound credit risk management system. 3. They have made sufficient provisions for NPAs, NPIs and depreciation. 4. Volume of off-balance sheet exposures for both financial collateral and guarantee covered credit portfolio together is Rs. 136281. 33 crore as of 30. 9. 2011 as against Rs. 101320. 2 crore as of 30. 9. 2010. †¢The bank decides on how much risk to take based on their risk appetite. The bank’s risk management policy is fine tuned to include credit appraisal standard like benchmark/hurdle ratios on key financial indicators, internal ceilings, prudential norms, etc. besides covering exposure ceiling for sensitive sectors such as capital market, real estate and commodity sector. †¢The credit risk exposure for the last five years is shown in the figure below: Figure: Credit risk exposure of the bank for the last five years (Source: Balance sheet of Vijaya bank CREDIT RISK MITIGATION †¢Based on the policies strategies are developed by the bank to mitigate credit risk. Credit risk is mitigated by appropriate credit appraisal systems before lending and proper collateral or guarantees are taken to hedge the risk. †¢Integrated risk management system is put in place for better management of credit risk and a risk rating software is installed which is developed by CRISIL in compliance with RBI guidelines. †¢The risk management function is reviewe d periodically usually every quarter. †¢The rating system for term loans is annual. †¢The risk weights of the bank’s products are shown in the figure below: Figure: Risk weights of the bank’s products (Source: Vijaya bank website) FINDINGS The bank has a documented credit risk management policy. †¢The bank uses credit rating system to assess credit risk as a part of loan lending mechanism. †¢They use standardised approach for credit risk measurement currently and are fine tuning to upgrade to advanced approaches as per RBI guidelines. †¢They have implemented an integrated risk management system as per RBI guidelines †¢They mitigate credit risk exposure through diversification, collaterals and guarantees. †¢The credit risk exposure of the bank has decreased considerably in the last five years indicating a sound risk management policy. The risk weights associated with the banks? products are in line with RBI guidelines. †¢They have regular trainings for their credit risk management teams on the policies and guidelines. They rely on ratings provided by CRISIL/CARE/ICRA as per RBI guidelines. RECOMMENDATIONS They can invest in securitisation as securitisation exposures are nil. †¢They have to start preparing for BASEL III norms which might come into effect in the near future. †¢They can further decrease their credit risk exposures with better credit risk management policies and advanced approaches as per RBI guidelines. Bank should include credit risk component in yearly forecast based on multiple market scenarios CONCLUSION The bank follows a sound credit risk management and credit risk mitigation policy which is proven by the decreasing credit risk exposure of the bank for the past five years. The bank has adhered to RBI guidelines and implemented BASEL II norms and an integrated risk management system and risk rating software. The credit risk policies and strategies of the bank have improved over years and the bank is in a better position.  The study shows that compliance with BASEL II norms helps the banks to improve their profitability through better credit risk management systems.

The American Hippie Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s, Hippie

The American Hippie The Role of the Hippie in American Culture American society and culture experienced an awakening during the 1960s as a result of the diverse civil rights, economic, and political issues it was faced with. At the center of this revolution was the American hippie, the most peculiar and highly influential figure of the time period. Hippies were vital to the American counterculture, fueling a movement to expand awareness and stretch accepted values. The hippies solutions to the problems of institutionalized American society were to either participate in mass protests or drop out of society completely. The government and the older generations could not understand their way of life. Hippies were often portrayed as criminals, subversive to the morals and best interest of the public. Although misunderstood, the hippie had a great impact throughout the country, still surviving today in American culture. The term hippie itself became a universal term in the late sixties. It originated in a 1967 article in Ramparts, entitled The Social History of the Hippies. Afterward, the name was captured by the mass media as a label for the people of the new movement. (Yablonsky 28) Even before this, the word hip described someone who was in and down, wise to what was going on around him. By the 1960s, some of Americas youth created a gap between themselves and their parents. They grew their hair long because it was natural and therefore considered beautiful. At first, the idea of men with long hair was absurd and society considered it a sign of homosexuality. When it became clear that the establishment felt so strongly about hair, the attitudes of young rebels changed. One young man responded after being questioned about his unkempt appearance: Growing hair does not mean that I am or am not a homosexual. It does mean that I am willing to stand up for my rights as a human being an that includes my right to be harmless to all people. It also indicates my unwillingness to get on the treadmill of killing for a vast machine-like government. If I am scorned and called dirty because I allow hair to grow on my face and my head, then so much the better, for by this I indicate the seriousness of my belief. I scorn the society that has created this monstrous robot-like conformity that feeds the war machine as Hitler found robots to feed his war machine. (Perry 188) In contrast to the short crew-cut style that every young man adhered to during the fifties, the hippie popularized a diversity of hairstyles with no single ideal image to fit. The clothes worn by hippies were also chosen to express anti-establishment sentiments to the public. They tried to stay away from store-bought, expensive clothes. Their pants, shirts and dresses were made of comfortable, natural fibers like cotton and denim. Many articles of clothing were handcrafted, such as belts, shoes, necklaces, and headbands. As poverty spread, the hippie wardrobe grew increasingly shabby. They shopped at thrift shops and places like the Diggers Free Store. Gray, dingy, torn clothes and broken shoes became the characteristic style of the hippies. (Wolf 18) Spawned out of necessity rather than style, these clothes were another symbol of their retaliation against the system. The hippies approach toward life was much more relaxed and open-minded than the rest of society. They all agreed on the importance of brotherhood among people of all races and ethnicity. Preaching a motto of love and kindness, hippies tried to spread their beliefs into society. By handing out flowers, singing songs, and making orations, these young people tried to make America hear its message of love. (Kornbluth 250-253) People would share resources amongst each other, making sure everyone got a portion of the food, drink, clothes that the group managed to get. This was completely opposite to the government policies favoring sharp economic inequality, allowing starvation and poverty to continue. The Diggers of San Francisco attempted to do their part, organizing free meals and handouts. (Wolf 11) This charitable display demonstrated the kindness and gentleness of the hippies to the American public. They hoped that the rest of the population would follow in their example and help the

The Sample of a Social Science Essay in APA Writing Style

The Sample of a Social Science Essay in APA Writing StyleA sample of a social science essay in APA writing style can be used as a rough guide to follow. These types of essays are fairly similar, but not identical, to those used in standard APA courses. In fact, in the real world, there is more than one kind of essay. Some are more appropriate for different settings and subjects than others.You will notice the sample of a social science essay in APA writing style has fewer sentences and longer paragraphs than a standard APA course would. However, there are several distinct characteristics that you will find if you go through the samples. In this article I'll examine the various styles and their pros and cons. Next, I'll discuss the difference between length and grammar. Finally, I'll discuss examples of each.Before we get into these styles, let's talk about what's common to all APA writing projects. First of all, writing is an art, and not everyone can excel at it. Second, each essay can be used by different people. In each individual case, they will also need to change how they present the essay depending on the situation or the purpose of the presentation. The third characteristic of an APA writing style is that it is less formal than other kinds of writing. This may be desirable if you are presenting a scholarly research paper or another such document.For example, if you were writing a standard paper, you would tend to create the body of the essay first. In that particular kind of paper, you would summarize your main points, give your sources, and give some supporting evidence for the points you have made. In an APA course, you don't do all of that. The first sentence of the body of the essay serves to introduce the topic of the course, so as to make the reader familiar with the type of material you are writing about. You should then give a summary of the contents of the paper, giving both supporting evidence and explanations. This will set the tone for the r est of the body of the essay.Next, there is the sentence structure. In a standard APA course, the paragraph breaks are three-quarters of a line, with the second paragraph following the first. In an APA writing project, the full paragraph breaks will vary according to the topics covered, depending on the number of words per line. The short paragraphs will tend to have a very sparse ending, whereas the long paragraphs may have a lengthy one.Another characteristic of a social science essay is the grammar. It should be free of any spelling errors. There should be no problem formatting the material, either. However, there should be no grammatical errors, either.The advantages of using a sample of a social science essay in APA writing style are numerous. For one thing, it is going to give you a fair idea of how it is done. Secondly, it will give you an idea of how your argument should flow and how you should present it.

The History of Port Royal, Jamaica

The History of Port Royal, Jamaica Port Royal is a town on the southern coast of Jamaica. It was initially colonized by the Spanish but was attacked and captured by the English in 1655. Because of its excellent natural harbor and critical position, Port Royal quickly became a significant haven for pirates and buccaneers, who were made welcome because of the need for defenders. Port Royal was never the same after a 1692 earthquake, but there is still a town there today. The 1655 Invasion of Jamaica In 1655, England sent a fleet to the Caribbean under the command of Admirals Penn and Venables to capture Hispaniola and the town of Santo Domingo. The Spanish defenses there proved too formidable, but the invaders did not want to return to England empty-handed, so they attacked and captured the lightly fortified and sparsely populated island of Jamaica instead. The English began construction of a fort on a natural harbor on the southern shores of Jamaica. A town sprang up near the fort: at first known as Point Cagway, it was renamed Port Royal in 1660. Pirates in Defense of Port Royal The administrators of the town were concerned that the Spanish could re-take Jamaica. Fort Charles on the harbor was operational and formidable, and there were four other smaller forts spread around the town, but there was little manpower to defend the city in the event of an attack truly. They began inviting pirates and buccaneers to come and set up shop there, thus assuring that there would be a constant supply of ships and veteran fighting men on hand. They even contacted the infamous Brethren of the Coast, an organization of pirates and Buccaneers. The arrangement was beneficial for both the ​pirates and the town, which no longer feared attacks from the Spanish or other naval powers. A Perfect Place for Pirates It soon became apparent that Port Royal was the perfect place for privates and privateers. It had a large deepwater natural harbor for protecting ships at anchor, and it was close to Spanish shipping lanes and ports. Once it started to gain fame as a pirate haven, the town quickly changed: it filled up brothels, taverns and drinking halls. Merchants who were willing to buy goods from pirates soon set up shop. Before long, Port Royal was the busiest port in the Americas, primarily run and operated by pirates and Buccaneers. Port Royal Thrives The booming business done by pirates and privateers in the Caribbean soon led to other industries. Port Royal soon became a trading center for slaves, sugar and raw materials such as wood. Smuggling boomed, as Spanish ports in the New World were officially closed to foreigners but represented a huge market for African slaves and goods manufactured in Europe. Because it was a rough-and-tumble outpost, Port Royal had a loose attitude towards religions, and soon was home to Anglicans, Jews, Quakers, Puritans, Presbyterians, and Catholics. By 1690, Port Royal was as large and important a town as Boston, and many of the local merchants were quite wealthy. The 1692 Earthquake and Other Disasters It all came crashing down on June 7, 1692. That day, a massive earthquake shook Port Royal, dumping most of it into the harbor. An estimated 5,000 died in the quake or shortly after that of injuries or disease. The city was ruined. Looting was rampant, and for a time all order broke down. Many thought that the city had been singled out for punishment by God for its wickedness. An effort was made to rebuild the city, but it was devastated once again in 1703 by a fire. It was repeatedly hit by hurricanes and even more earthquakes in following years, and by 1774 it was essentially a quiet village. Port Royal Today Today, Port Royal is a small Jamaican coastal fishing village. It retains very little of its former glory. Some old buildings are still intact, and it’s worth a trip for history buffs. It is a valuable archaeological site, however, and digs in the old harbor continue to turn up interesting items. With increased interest in the Age of Piracy, Port Royal is poised to undergo a renaissance of sorts, with theme parks, museums and other attractions being built and planned. Famous Pirates and Port Royal Port Royals glory days as the greatest of the pirate ports were brief but noteworthy. Many famous pirates and privateers of the day passed through Port Royal. Here are some of the more memorable moments of Port Royal as a pirate haven. In 1668, legendary privateer Captain Henry Morgan departed for his famous attack on the city of Portobello from Port Royal.In 1669, Morgan followed up with an attack on Lake Maracaibo, also launched from Port Royal.In 1671, Morgan made his greatest and final raid, the sacking of the city of Panama, launched from Port Royal.On August 25, 1688, Captain Morgan died in Port Royal and was given a send-off worthy of the greatest of the privateers: warships in port fired their guns, he lay in state at the Kings House, and his body was carried through town on a gun carriage to its final resting place.In December of 1718, pirate John Calico Jack Rackham captured the merchant ship Kingston within sight of Port Royal, infuriating local merchants, who sent bounty hunters after him.On November 18, 1720, Rackham and four other pirates who had been captured were hanged at Gallows Point at Port Royal. Two of his crewmates -   Anne Bonny and Mary Read  - were spared because they were both pregna nt.On March 29, 1721, infamous pirate Charles Vane was hanged at Gallows Point in Port Royal. Sources Defoe, Daniel. A General History of the Pyrates. Dover Maritime, Paperback, Dover Publications, January 26, 1999. Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009.