Christmas Essay -- Narrative Essays, Descriptive Writing

A few days before Christmas, Oxford street is swarming with last minute shoppers, laden with parcels and bags. Christmas is the highlight for many people, especially little childen, from as tall as your ankle to as tall as your knee. Small todlers were moaning and disappearing into the clothes racks like magicians disappearing in a puff of smoke entertaining the gullible audiences. Families and friends gradually emerge from clogged buses and congested trains, tired, exhausted and hungry even at this very early stage, as if they had spent the whole night awake, like a distressed parent waiting for their child to arrive home from a party but has still not arrived, two hours past their curfew. Oxford street is the main high street of the whole of England. It flocks many tourists, as though it has a force or power, just like opposite ends of a magnet attract one another. Oxford street is as long as I can possibly imagine; it is 10 time longer than any local high street and is as wide as six elephants put together. Oxford street contains a lot of various shop which other high streets have, plus some extra. It is as if Oxford street encloses a immeasurable proportion of England as it has a great deal of stores; some immense while some petite. It's not restricted - even Regents street is much more genteel like a magnificent pet and Bond street is tremendously aristocratic like a diamond engagement ring and only the posh shop there. Oxford street is one maze, with all sorts of mystical secrets to be uncovered and adventures to be explored and experienced. It is one colossal, huge, extensive, perpendicular road with a range of exits... ...ng for breath. As I walk through 'MK1', I can undoubtedly see that many shoppers were haggling over the price of purchases. Then someone barges into me and I very nearly fall over with the force of it. After I recover from my sudden fall, I widen my horizon and gaze upon particular groups of people. I get attracted to look at the people with loud voices. The brightness of the light decreases as the clouds begin to fasten together together structuring one massive cloud. It began to snow. The cold was beating on me. I felt the cold reaching my body even with wearing a thick layer of wool covered by a fur coat. It was as though I was wrapped with a sheep, which had never had its fur, trimmed. The bitter air smacks my face as I walk, without any energy and worn out, forwards towards the end of the road to relaxation.

Field And Historical Reseacrch: Individual Reflection Essay

There reaches a stage in the life of an individual whereby choices and decisions concerning what must be done are decided and it is usually not an easy task. The answer is only achieved through an in-depth look within themselves. Reflection of the most important values and what they perceive will make them happy as well enabling them to achieve self actualization are also decided. The available resources that are required to fulfill their goals and ambitions must be put into consideration. In this paper, I am going to reflect the processes that Blackburn undergone through learning, the perceptions that she got towards other people, how she shaped her personality to fit the research environment, the values that she attached to different activities and the values of other people. The effective analysis of all factors that made her the person she is today is the only way she can be able to explain the principles that shapes her behavior and also the cause of her changed intentions. According to the statement in question, the processes that an individual undergoes require critical examination of all the factors that are involved in the area under research. The researcher is required to participate fully, in body and soul, in the activity that is being researched. Learning should be a continuous activity since the researcher must be in a position to provide detailed descriptions of all variables throughout the study. The things that Blackburn learned in her researches shows what a researcher is learning during the field study and enables him/her to tackle future experiences and possible opportunities with a lot of ease. The experience gained impacts hugely on the perception that the researcher has towards others, brings changes in their personal character and other held values and attitudes. The positive or negative encounters with individuals from the field of research shows that human beings can learn new things from each other and every individual posses a unique thinking capability and each one will approach a problem from different perspective. Therefore, it becomes easy to ascertain that human beings are always learning the forming and reforming processes and that elements in their personal systems keep changing. The most important thing individuals need to know is to be open-minded when approaching quite complex tasks. They should be judgmental before factoring all important aspects of the problem under research. The brain should always be trained to think and provide solutions. A review of similar past problems and the measures that were taken can help in the improvement of current field researches through a carefully chosen research design (Ferreira and Merchant, 1992, p 19). In conclusion, it is always not easy task to establish the most suitable learning criteria in circumstances where the path to success consists of many ups and downs. Conflicting ideas on the way to carry out experiments that will bring desired results using a specified approach can not be easily avoided. We should always accept failure because it shows us the approach of executing complex tasks. The thinking capacity of an individual should always be utilized to the maximum capacity to ensure that the right decisions are made. Researchers should not only concentrate on the subject matter but their concentration should be centered on how they can improve the value of the subject matter. Things are always changing and so should the long held principles.

Sociological Perspectives Of Crime And Deviance - 1818 Words

Sociology is the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society, that is why sociology and the theories that go along with it can explain many of reasons people act the way they do in their societal context and situations. The most of what occurs in the film American Gangster can be explained by these theoretical perspectives of crime in sociology. The successes and failures pictured in the movie are explored more thoroughly by using theories such as differential opportunity, anomie, differential association, etc. Though he is eventually caught by Officer Richie Roberts (Russell Crowe), Frank Lucas (Denzel Washington), the main character, is able to continue to be a successful drug kingpin for so long because of the aforementioned theories. In sociology, there are a few classical theories of crime and deviance that the rest of the theories fall under. Two of them include structural functionalist and symbolic interactionist. Structural functionalism attemp ts to explain why society functions the way it does by focusing on the relationships between the various social institutions that make up society (i.e. government, law, education, religion, etc.). Alternatively, symbolic interactionism explains that people act toward things based on the meaning those things have to them, and the meanings they are looking to are derived from social interaction. Theories such as anomie, differential association, differential opportunity and so on fall under oneShow MoreRelatedDeviance Theory Analysis Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesDeviance Theory Analysis - Identify Deviance for situations and explain Within any given society, individuals are expected to behave and or conduct themselves in a given acceptable manner. However, there are instances when particular individuals act contrary to the set standards and violate the cultural norms. Such acts may include acts of crime, theft, defiance, breaking of rules, and truancy just to mention a few. Deviance could thus be viewed as the intentional or accidental violation of theRead MoreThe Theory Of Body Types, And The Y Chromosome Theory1194 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to Sociology March 26, 2016 Deviance Many different theories exist regarding deviance. Biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives have applied their different thought processes to produce many theories. Some of these ideas have been discredited, however some remain significant today. Sociological theories differ from biological and psychological theories by looking at external factors rather than internal ones. Biological theories on deviance are the result of looking for answersRead MoreCity of God949 Words   |  4 Pagescorrelation that crime plays in association with poverty, social influence, and lack of law and order. Though my perspective vastly varies from that of sociological theorists, I think we can both conclude that this movie is an extreme representation as to what can occur when society shuns away disadvantaged youths to a place that lacks justice as well as ethical and moral responsibilities. Sociological perspectives regarding crime emphasize the interconnections between conformity and deviance in differentRead MoreCompare and contrast two main sociological theories of crime and deviance.1636 Words   |  7 Pagesmain sociological theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies, in some way, from a social norm.  Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people.  This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated with crime and deviance and toRead MoreThe Causes Of Deviant Behavior, Psychological Approach And Sociological Approach1676 Words   |  7 PagesDeviance is a kind of behaviour which is contrary to the dominant norms and values of society. In reality, there are many different theories to explain the causes of deviant behaviour, including biological approach, psychological approach and sociological approach. This essay will be using two criminological perspectives which are the biological and sociological explanations to analyse the causes of crime in depth, and evaluat e the two perspectives and the related criminological evidence. SociologyRead MoreCritically Discuss Three Sociological Approaches to Explaining Crime1188 Words   |  5 PagesCritically discuss three sociological approaches to explaining crime? One of the most predominant areas of study in sociology is in the explanation of crime and deviance in society. Criminal acts are those which violate established formal laws, whereas deviance refers to the breaking of social norms. Crime and deviance are a social construct as they are decided by the people in a society and can vary greatly depending on the society in question, as well as the time period being studied. In theRead MoreCrime And Deviance1550 Words   |  7 PagesIn studying crimes and deviance, sociologists look to explain what types of behavior are defined as deviant as opposed to criminal, who defines deviant behaviors, why people become deviant, and how society deals with deviant behavior. Deviance is defined by sociologists are behavior that significantly goes against expected rules and norms. Criminal behavior is behavior that violates the law. Sociology studies groups as opposed to individuals, so when studying crime and deviance, sociologists areRead MoreWhat Deviance Is Today s Society Essay1081 Words   |  5 PagesWhat defines deviance in today’s society? Is it the abnormal things that people don’t usually do or is it just criminal behavior? Deviance has brought up many questions on what could be defined as it. Deviance is usually shaped by society. It can be defined as the violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law (OpenStax 142). Sociologist want to see why deviance has so many different areas and how it effects a group in a society. For exampleRead MoreDefining Deviance1080 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Defining Deviance Deviance- doing something different from the normal Sociological Perspectives on Deviance   Formal Deviance- breaking a law or rule example: crime   Informal Deviance- doing something different from the customary Social groups create deviance by applying rules to certain people, making them â€Å"outsiders† Behavior that is deviant or normal depending on the situation Deviance stabilizes society Durkheim thinks that societies use deviance to create and point out the standard norms TheRead MoreSociology Is The Study Of Individuals In Groups In A Systematic Way1611 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are different sociological perspectives that hold valued theories in society. In this essay three perspectives will be assessed. How society operates in the view of these perspectives. Also, scrutinizing theories on the subject ‘crime and deviance’ aiming to outline how each perspective grasps the matter. Before one can observe society, one needs to take into account the ways in which it can be viewed. Perspectives that focus on social systems, are known as macro perspectives. Alternatively,

A Brief Note On The World War I - 1327 Words

Haylee Cooper History April 14, 2016 Luis Sierra World War I With the start of the 19th century brought two major events to the Europeans. The French Revolution began in 1789 and held an impact on Europe for many decades until World War I began in 1914. WWI left a monumental spot on the European society, culture and diplomacy; this was a huge start to what defined Europe as a country compared to the rest of the world. Along with Europe there was also other countries who were taking affect during the time leading up to World War I. Whether it be the Americas or Africa. Everyone was searching in need in different aspects of life, culture, society, and diplomacy. When analyzing this topic, the first thing that popped into my head†¦show more content†¦But the most destructive weapon of World War I was invented in DeKalb, Illinois. Initially used to fence large sections of the American West, during World War I barbed wire was strung by the mile in front of the opposing trenches. Along these lines were another form of transportation for the military which was the railroads made the supply of vast, stationary armies possible, and even the taxicabs of Paris were employed to bring men to the front. With the railways came airplanes, which were also used for the first time in battle. With the technology improvement it wasn’t just lethal new technologies on land, it was also updated technologies at sea and in the skies. This marked a huge turning point for not only Americans but also the Europeans. The war changed geo-political landscape drastically. The three empires that were hit the hardest were Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and the Russians. â€Å"But as the Ottoman Empire was pushed out of the Balkans, Russian and Austria-Hungary competed for influenced and territory there. Russia backed the Serbs against Austria-Hungary, and the British, French, and Germans were drawn into the conflict in support of their partners. The world war that followed dragged in Europe’s colonies, too† (WTWA 710). Another thing that was a positive effect from World War I was the development of the three worlds. The first world was recognized as Western Europe and North America. These states were known as the basis of capitalism

The Tale of the Unknown Island - 1609 Words

A Critical Analysis of ‘The Tale of the Unknown Island’ by Josà © Saramago. | EN4903 | By Mr Drew Eaglesham | A Critical Analysis of ‘The Tale of the Unknown Island’ by Josà © Saramago. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Kirkus in 2010 called this story ‘a mischievous and thoughtful satire on ruling elites and bold dreamers, cast in the form of revisionist fairy-tale.’ This review could easily be applied to another story of Saramago’s, ‘Centaur’, and beautifully sums up the style of the author. ‘The Tale of the Unknown Island’ by the Nobel Prize winning Portuguese author Josà © Saramago was first published in the original Portuguese in 1997 and later in English in 1999. Set in†¦show more content†¦These examples show both the author’s and the protagonist’s challenge to the order of things and the complete belief the character has. The best example of this is on line eight when the king says that he ‘shall not give you the boat’ the man replies ‘with calm assurance’ ‘you will’. ------------------------------------------------- If the conflict between the man and the order encompasses the first half of the story, then the second half tells of love and the relationship between the man and the cleaning lady. It begins on page three line thirty-one ‘she had just then decided to follow the man’ it shows that the belief of the man and his success in claiming the boat from the king had stirred the woman into following him. The story builds on their relationship on page six line ten as the woman starts to think of the man in a very homely way having cleaned the boat while the man was gone looking for a crew she worries about the provisions on board the boat as the man ‘will turn up saying he’s hungry, which is what all men say the minute they get home’ appropriately describing the boat as their home. The problem with the love developing in the story is the man’s inability to see that all he needs he has in front of him. We can see a metaphor for this on page four line three ‘this is indeed how destiny tends to behave. It is right behind us, it has already stretched out its hand to touch us on the shoulder’. Only on page seven we can start to see aShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey And The Hitchhikers Guide To The Odyssey992 Words   |  4 PagesOdysseus and Arthur Dent, described by Homer and Douglas Adams, both possess heroic characteristics and display these as they venture though their worlds. The two characters face similar challenges, and while they handle their quests differently, the tales are similar in the way that they follow the steps of The Hero’s Journey. Both The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy and The Odyssey follow the hero’s journey trope, including the ordinary world, crossing the threshold and trials. In Joseph Campbell’sRead MoreThe Mystery of Oak Island700 Words   |  3 Pages The Mystery of Oak Island The World’s Longest Unsolved Mystery The Mystery of Oak Island Close your eyes and imagine the excitement and adventure of finding a mystery that involves many deaths, unknown treasures and much speculation. Mysteries are intriguing and finding a real life mystery that has been unsolved in history for several hundred years is unusual. Throughout time millions of people have been interested in treasures, legends and unsolved mysteries. Books, movies and legendsRead More The oddyssey in popular culture Essay631 Words   |  3 PagesKalypso’s island or he has to elude dangerous monsters such as Skylla and the whirlpool Kharybdis on the sea, the ocean can be a very dangerous place. Odysseus also encounters times where the sea is very forgiving to him. The storm that washes him up to the land of Phaecia, a fairy-tale fantasyland, results in a safe and smooth passage home along with numerous treasures. The next couple of lines refer to working in the service of life and living trying to find the answers of the unknown. OdysseusRead MoreEssa y on The Odyssey743 Words   |  3 PagesOdysseus and Kalypso influences Denvers song. Denver uses Kalypso, an immortal and enchanting goddess, to represent women in our society. In the relationship between Odysseus and Kalypso, Odysseus is very inferior to the goddess. He is held on an island for many years serving Kalypso with whatever she demands. Kalypso wants a person whom she can experience companionship with and a person to lay beside her each night. Odysseus obliges even though he claims he is under some sort of trance. This tranceRead MoreAdventures in the Unknown Interior of America - Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesAdventures in the Unknown Interior of America is a tale of epic proportions worthy of The Odyssey. The only difference being that this tale is true. Written by à lvar Nà ºÃƒ ±ez Cabeza de Vaca, Adventures in the Unknown Interior of America details the events of Cabeza de Vaca’s eight-year trip from Spain to the New World. It becomes quite clear thoug h his journey that Cabeza de Vaca changes into a completely different man than he was when he set out from Spain in the name of the king, and God. CabezaRead More Literature as Encounter and Discovery, as exemplified by Hahn Moo-Sook’s novel Encounter1368 Words   |  6 Pages(1451-1506) discovered the American Continent in 1492. Of course, the unknown continent had existed even before he discovered it. But through Columbus’ discovery the unknown entity has emerged above the surface of the historical waters as a New World. Literature is like a voyage in search of a new continent, and the author is like Columbus. In the course of our lives, undiscovered subject matters abound like countless islands in the gigantic ocean of awareness. If perchance such a continent is notRead MoreMedieval Themes Reflected in Modern Literature and Movies Essay examples898 Words   |  4 PagesThe common themes often presented in tales of the Medieval times still make appearances in the films and literature that are popular among our society today. The book The Kindness of Strangers, written by Katrina Kittle, and the movie King Ko ng, directed by Peter Jackson, are two examples that portray many known characteristics of the times of King Arthur, such as honor, chivalry, loyalty, and bravery. The legend of King Arthur revolves around the Knights Code of Chivalry. Although there wasRead MoreSetting Archetypes1258 Words   |  6 Pagesmore modern literary concept of the garden is where a person must â€Å"tend† (to the garden and their own business) an orderly place of tranquility where a person retires to. 3. The Forest/Wilderness – The thick forest imagined in children’s fairy tales have usually represented a dangerous world full of beasts and darkness. The forest, or sometimes the jungle, is a wild, uncontrolled place. The forest, as a setting, has a rich history of characters who find themselves leading a solitary life (HesterRead More The Fantastical Elements of Lerouxs The Phantom of the Opera1214 Words   |  5 Pagesjealousy and envy of Raoul. They each want all of Christine not simply a part. To Erik she gives her pity and commitment, but not the love he desires. And to Raoul she gives her love, but not the commitment he wishes of her. That she was virtually an unknown girl just six months before seems to be completely forgotten. Every young girls dream, including Christine herself, is to suddenly be considered beautiful by that ever changing description of what is and is not beautiful. Once Christine reaches thisRead MoreAnalysis Of John Hughes s The Tale Of As ylum 1519 Words   |  7 PagesPublished in March 2016, Asylum is a complex, fractured novel that hovers on the border of reality and unreality. It is the most recent work by author John Hughes, whose novel The Idea of Home received the Premier’s Award for Nonfiction in 2005. The tale of Asylum is intriguing, a Kafkaesque allegory that binds the strangeness felt by refugees seeking asylum, with an image of purgatory borrowed from classical works of fiction. It is split into two acts, and within these acts, multiple fragments. The

My Experience Free Essays

Nine weeks I’ve spent in this class, learning new techniques on studying, and learning new critical thinking strategies. Nine weeks that I’ve been in school again thinking and challenging myself and learning about a variety of new things. These last nine weeks have reminded me about the long term effects that higher education will have on my future employment and current job. We will write a custom essay sample on My Experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now This class has gave me so many tools that I can use in my everyday life. These last nine weeks have helped me get my mechanics back together academically I would say. I been out of school for about six months and I haven’t been reading, just working since I came out of school. Recently in class I relearned how to take Cornell Style notes, it’s like a lost art nowadays this note taking. My experience in this class was great overall for being my first time taking an online class. I enjoyed my time because with my work schedule always varying, this class came in handy letting me log in at times when other classes are long finished. This specific course was helpful in that it helped me see there’s more ways of doing things and not to worry about stressing yourself out. One of the most important things this class taught me was collaborative learning is an important aspect of life. I say that because every time we comment on things the atmosphere on the forum is good because it seems like we were constantly feeding off each others answers. The posts always seemed to drag on and for most of week, and I believe that collaborative learning works best in environments like this. The other most important thing I learned here was the value of setting goals for yourself. Whether they be big or small, important or non important setting goals is helpful in accomplishing certain tasks in a fast and secure manner. What also makes it worth while is when you have a big goal and you have little goals in between set in front of you that you must overcome. To me goal setting has usually made me strive to do things better and faster. I believe that the long term benefits of having a education will help you with employment opportunities. I think that having a degree from University of Phoenix will greatly increase my chances of getting promoted because the school has a name for itself at several different companies. At my job alone we have 7 people that graduated from this school in the past year. I also think that with an education you’re more likely to have stability in the workplace, when there is a mass let go phrase, companies tend to keep their educated employees over noneduacated. The tools and assessments in from this course will help me in my future courses and jobs because one of the tools I learned was goal setting. Which will help me keep focus at the task at hand. I also Learned that its okay to learn different things, in an collaborative environment its okay to feed off each, but not steal each others ideas. Which in my current position at work ripping off peoples ideas is spreading like wildfire. Its like some people at my job have been biten by the copy bug. One of the most useful things I learned in this class was how to use the library. I think a lot us take it for granted because they don’t know how to use it. The library allows me to search for articles pertaining to any subject. Also the library tools such as the plagiarism finder, it checks your paper for any plagiarized material. Also the citiation tool is very helpful because it sites everything for you. So, in conclusion; nine weeks have come and gone. Finishing this class is just a goal I set when I started this program. I think collaborative learning is something that can be useful whether it be in a classroom environment or business environment. This class has taught me if you apply yourself and use critical thinking when striving for a goal you can achieve what you set your mind to. How to cite My Experience, Papers My experience Free Essays Learning English at Hartford ELI is a privilege. I believe that it can ease my path towards a brighter future. Studying the English language for one year has been one great and enjoyable experience for me. We will write a custom essay sample on My experience or any similar topic only for you Order Now English is being spoken as the world’s second language. It has become an international language that anyone who knows how to speak it becomes more competent and communicably advanced. Learning and traveling is a lot more fun by learning how to speak English. Looking back on my previous experiences when I was not yet capable of speaking English, I feel humiliated and frustrated. Whenever I ordered food at an English restaurant, the attendants found it hard to understand what I wanted to order because I could not speak English well. Watching movies and television shows in English also pushed me to learn the language more so that I can enjoy watching those shows. Although I wanted to befriend the foreigners, I was ashamed to introduce myself to them and start a conversation since I didn’t know what language they can understand. My problem then was solved when I received a scholarship from the UAE government which allowed me to continue my school in the U.S. Thus, I didn’t hesitate to grab this special opportunity to study English in the U.S. The English Language Institute (ELI) at the University of Hartford gave me a comprehensive academic program designed for international students like me whose primary language is not English. The program really improved my overall educational experience by working towards a greater proficiency in understanding, reading, writing, and speaking English. ELI also strengthened my confidence in speaking English. It also offers wider academic resources and opportunities that will deepen my expertise and broaden my perspectives. Moreover, professors who are also language experts are continuously helping me hone my communication skills. Education at its best is offered by ELI Hartford. The facilities are conducive to learning and the people are friendly. University of Hartford ID card is issued to all student to gain access to all university facilities. There are computer facilities and personal e-mail accounts created to make communication and sharing of information convenient. There is also a university health clinic to ensure the needs of medical attention to students who will get sick while taking classes. Dedicated and professional employees are seen in the vicinity to serve students who seek to learn English. There is also an audio/visual resource center where film viewing and recordings can be viewed to teach students. Interacting with the other international students is the most enjoyable part of being an ELI Hartford student. There are field trips and social activities that helped me to communicate with other students who speak a different language. If we have something in common, that would be our eagerness to learn how to speak good English. There is a huge difference between my native language and the English language. The English intonation, words, expressions, and the characters used for writing are world apart from my own language. Thus, English was a difficult language to learn. Still, I was able to learn the basics of the language easily because of the tutorial sessions and the computer-assisted language learning. The lessons emphasized more on oral/aural skills, reading comprehension, vocabulary development, grammar usage, and writing skills development. These lessons have proven to be an excellent transition for me in studying one’s native language to full-time academic work in English. In addition to my improved language skills, I was able to learn about the United States academic protocols and American culture. This gave me more realizations and tips in dealing with other people while using the English language. As an ELI student, I was able to participate in a variety of activities. In order to learn English faster, I used the language actively.   I believe that attending ELI program has eased the path towards reaching my goals. I have become more competent and confident in dealing with people from all walks of life by learning, loving, and never quitting to learn the English language. How to cite My experience, Essay examples

Stress Causes Substantial Labour Productivity †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Stress Causes Substantial Labour Productivity. Answer: Introduction According to Jayakrishnan, Thomas, Rao George (2013), the construction industry is one of the most flourishing and leading industries across the globe. The construction workers have to work in extremely unfavourable working conditions (Torn Jrvholm, 2014). Construction workers have been found to be at a high risk of developing chronic diseases like diabetes (Dong, Wang Largay, 2015). The construction industry has also been criticised for its risky occupational setting. It is has been found that despite the strong performance of the construction industry, the rising incidence of injuries continue to remain a problem (Hosseini, Chileshe Zillante, 2014). Studies have shown that working in such onerous occupational setting takes a toll on the mental health of the construction workers (Sousa, Almeida Dias, 2014). Keeping in mind the largely outdoor occupational setting of construction work, the incidence of heat related stress and the psychological damage of the construction workers have become quite common. Therefore, the objective of this review of literature is discuss and reflect upon studies that have addressed this issue among the construction workers. The examination of the literature on this issue would be helpful in fathoming the veracity of the situation and pave path for risk reduction measures in compliance with the construction industry. Boschman et al., (2013), in their work on Psychological work environment and mental health among construction workers encapsulates the emerging issue of psychological risk factors among the construction workers. The authors argue that there have been extensive research on the plight of health of the construction labourers. However, there have been limited studies on the ubiquitous psychosocial risks among the construction workers. The method adopted for his study was questionnaire survey. The sample population for the survey comprised of 750 construction supervisors and 750 bricklayers who were randomly chosen from the Dutch Registry. The bricklayers who were chosen for the research were responsible for the construction of new buildings. The study was interested to understand the age, the characteristics of job, the psychosocial work characteristics, safety issues, and the effects of mental health on the construction workers. Logistic regression was used to analyze the connection bet ween self-reported condition of mental health and the psychosocial factors of the occupation. It was found that the bricklayers has experienced extremely harsh working conditions, there are learning opportunities and there were future perspectives. In case of the construction supervisors, they experience psychological pressure from the and the need for recovery. The study found that the supervisors had greater mental health related problems as compared to the bricklayers. These psychological issues include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, distress and post work recovery. It was revealed that the incidence of quantity and high work were associated with depression. In case of supervisors inadequate social support and limited scope of participation in decision-making were understood to be the cause of depression. According to Zander et al., (2015), in their study on heat stress causes substantial labour productivity the issue of heat stress at the workplace is responsible for the reduction of labour productivity. Employing an approach derived from the health economics, it was found that self-reported issues of absenteeism at work can be attributed to the climatic conditions. The study is important because it is the first time that the effect of heat related stress and its implications on work was studied. Earlier there have been studies on the tendency of Thai workers to be injured during their work. The importance of the study can also be understood as it is the first time in Australia; a study was interested in understanding the cost of heat related stress. The study found that a number of 1214 construction workers were extremely stressed out and became 35 per cent less productive. The study also found the workers were stressed out for more than one occasion. To meet the requirements of the occupation, these construction workers have to compensate by working for longer hours on favourable climatic conditions. The study showed that 70 per cent of the sample population were less productive and 7 per cent of the population had to remain absent at least for a day. Another finding of the study was that there was a correlation between absenteeism and gender. It was reported that that men had to endure greater economic loss than women. This research will be helpful for the employers in devising strategies that would equip them to manage the impact of heat. One major limitation of the study which is also realized by the authors is that there is a need to focus on the underlying factors of the hot climate that influence absenteeism and presenteeism. There is a need to understand the impact of heat on the unpaid and informal economy. The authors have recommended the deployment of standardized questionnaire that would be useful in understanding the heat related stress and the ps ychological effect on the workers. In the study titled Which environmental indicator is better able to predict the effects of heat stress on construction workers, Yin and Chan, (2015), argue that the occupational setting of the construction workers is exemplified by extremely hot and onerous working conditions. The authors have established different stress models and found that environmental indicators are the most appropriate ways of predicting the impact of health related stress on the construction workers. The method adopted by the authors was intensive field studies during the month of summer in Hong Kong in the year 2011 from July to August. The study was interested in examining the parameters of related to the physiological, work related, personal and environmental impact on the construction workers. It was MAPE (Mean Absolute Per centage Error) and the concept of Theils U inequality coefficient. Earlier studies have found that the most appropriate method to quantify climatic heat is to draw the adverse effects of heat in the backdrop of the thermal environment in which it occurs. The highlight of the research lies in its ability to identify the most sophisticated environmental indicator in the prediction of the implications of heat related stress on the construction workers. The findings from the study is useful for the construction industry and ancillary industries regarding the policies of working in extremely harsh climatic conditions. The study has been criticized for its selected sample size which has been considered as limited to make generalizations. According to Xiang, Pisaniello and Hansen, (2014), the increase in frequency of heat due to the extremely humid conditions is becoming a rising occupational hazard for the construction workers. The study is important on the grounds that it demonstrate the impact of heat related stress on the the construction workers. The authors noted that there is a tendency to underreport and neglect the heat related stress faced by the construction workers. The authors conducted a survey of literature to examine the contribution of previous studies in the subject of heat related stress for the construction workers. Xian et al., (2014), in their work titled The impact of heatwaves on workers health and safety in Adelaide were interested to understand the impact of heatwaves on the construction workers health and safety. The study found that workers who are exposed to harsh weather conditions and have to work outdoor would make an injury claim of 6.2 per cent. The authors recognized that with the rise in temperature, there is an imperative to address the issue by adapting to the specific weather conditions and adopting preventive measures suitable for policy implementations and practise. The Work Health and Safety Legislation, 2011 in Australia has enshrined that there is a need for a nationally uniform and pragmatic framework that ensures the safety of the workers and provides security of their health (Work Health and Safety Act 2011, 2018). The guideline states that the government si committed towards the protection of the workers associated with different industries and strives to eliminate the risks that may emerge due to the nature of the occupational settings. The guideline states that the government encourages the unions the organizations of the employers to look into the sector of work and safety practises. The government is committed towards the training and education of the construction workers concerning their occupational health and safety. In addition, to these the government will persistently aim for the improvement of the standards of work health and safety. The government guideline further states that it is committed towards maintenance and strengthening of the national laws that would foster a national approach for improvising on the health and safety jurisdiction in Australia. Conclusion The review of literature show that the impact of heat related stress on the workers is quite severe and these affect their productivity. Stress not just affects the productivity of the workers but also add to their economic burden, as they have to make more injury claims. Extreme climatic conditions under which the construction workers are expected to operate propels towards absenteeism of the workers. These absenteeism has a gender dimension as more women are absent than men. In case the workers are unable to work during the extreme weather conditions, they have to compensate by working on other days, thereby compromising on their leisure hours. This review of literature will be helpful to address the impact and veracity of heat related stress and the associated risks on the construction workers. It would be helpful in improving on the existing policies as enshrined in the Health and Safety Legislation 2011 in Australia. 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